RUSSIAN CATTLE. ln Russia tbere are no distinctive breeds of cattle that have been con sidered of sufficient good form and substance to warrant importation into the United States. They are principally long-horned, large-boned, rough cattle, better in hide and tallow than meat. The vast plains of the Ukraine, and other inter Russian southern provinces, furnish grazing grounds for great herds of cattle. The principal races there are enumerated as follows: The Ukraine; Wallach, or Podoliau; Little Russian; Donian; and the Black Sea breeds. All these denominations are local; but the original charac ter, which nearly resembles that of the Hun garian race of cattle, has been preserved. They are distinguished for their strength, adaptation for field labor, and facility of taking on flesh and fat. The latter singularity consists in the fat not growing so much on the outside, but penetrating the flesh itself, rendering it juicy and more delicate, especially when the beeves have been fed in the rich prairies of the Cauca sian line. It is for this reason that butchers in large towns give preference to this heef over that of the other cattle. The cows, however, yield but little milk. This breed is to be found from Podolia to the Ural, but the finest type is found at Karlowka, in the goverment of Poltawa. It is also met with in some places in the province of Ekath6rinoslaw, near the river Samara, and further northward in the provinces of Little Russia, but of not so fine appearance, from the want of good keeping. The Kalmik breed is intermediate between the Ukraine and Russian races. It is of small size and fine flesh, and is able to endure any change of climate. All the year round, such cattle can live on the steppes, and during winter subsist on grass, which they obtain from under the snow, except when, after rain has fallen and the snow is frozen, they can not break through the ice, and are deprived of food. In many districts of country on the Don, the inhabitants prefer this race to the Ukraine, though they are less valuable for the purposes of the dairy and for labor. The Russian race,
properly so called, has no peculiar character istics, as its original type is not easily to be dis tinguished. ln general, the cattle of this race are ill-shaped, diminutive in size, and not well reared. They are found in the middle, northern and western provinces, where they are kept for their milk. ln the province of Wologda, and in the vicinity of St. Petersburg, this race is improving from better management. To the above races may be added the Lithuanian breed, which is small, but strongly built, giving an abundance of milk. Among the foreign races introduced into Russia is the Chohnogory breed, of Dutch origin, distinguished by its fine form and good milking qualities. It is found pure only in the districts from which it takes its name, in the Government of Archangel. The heavy bodies of the oxen render them unfit for labor. In general, the cows require good keep ing and great care, so that the expenses of their support are rather excessive, which must be redeemed out of the proceeds of their milk. The Foigtland race, introduced into some dis tricts of the Baltic provinces, is remarkable for its medium size and tine appearance. The cows content themselves with a rather common food, and give plenty of milk. The oxen are well adapted for work. The Frisland race begins to be multiplied among the Mennonite settlers of Molotchan. The cows produee a fair yield of milk. The Tyrolese, Scotch and English breeds have been introduced and acclimatized in the provinces of the Baltic. The Swiss breed is extensively diffused, as is also the Tyrolese, in the kingdom of Poland. A. cross between the Cholmogory and the indigenous breeds is also fotind iu some districts of the government of Archangel, as well as those of Wologda, Kal ouga, Twer, Kostroma, Jaroslaw, and in the districts near the capitals.