ANGLICAN ORDERS. Roman Catholics have ques tioned the validity of Anglican Orders. " For us Catholics," say Addis and Arnold, " the question was decided by the Bull Apostolicce Cara; (Sept. 13, 1890), which declared Anglican orders to be 'absolutely null and utterly void,' on the ground of defect of form in the rite, and defect of intention in the minister." The Hon. James Adderley says : " We are told that our Ordination Service is invalid (1) because there is no delivery of the Chalice to one who is to be ordained Priest, (2) because there are said to be no words to denote that the Priest is a Sacrificing Priest, (3) because there is no expressed 'intention ' to make a Catholic Bishop or Priest." His reply to this is (1) that the delivery of the Chalice is a custom which was not in vogue until the eleventh century, and therefore can hardly be said to be essential, (2) that there can be no necessity to use the term ' Sacrificing Priest,' provided that we do really claim to ordain Priests, (3) that the intention of our Ordination Service is quite sufficiently expressed in the Preface, as follows: It is evident unto all men diligently reading Holy Scripture and ancient Authors, that from the Apostles' time there have been these Orders of Ministers in Christ's Church : Bishops, Priests, and Deacons. Which offices
were ever more had in such reverent estimation, that no man might presume to execute any of them except he were first called, tried, examined, and known to have such qualities as are requisite for the same; and also by public prayer, with imposition of hands, were approved and admitted thereunto by lawful Authority. And there fore to the intent that,these orders may be continued and reverently used and'esteemed in the Church of Eng land; no man shall be accounted or taken to be a lawful Bishop, Priest, or Deacon in the Church of England, or suffered to execute any of the said functions, except he be called, tried, examined, and admitted thereunto according to the Form hereafter following or hath had formerly Episcopal Consecration or Ordination.' " The Bull of Pope Leo XIII. was officially answered by the Archbishops of Canterbury and York. See Cath. Diet.; James Adderley. The Catholicism of the Church of Eng land, 1908; M. W. Patterson, Hist.