BERNARDINES. The followers of Bernard of Clair vaux; another name for the Cistercians (q.v.). BERRETTA. A term formed from the Latin birrtts, a mantle with a hood, and applied to a special kind of headgear worn by Roman Catholic priests and other ecclesiastics. Its use has been introduced into the Church of England by the ritualistic party. The Beretta is " a square cap with three or sometimes four prominences or projecting corners rising from its crown " (Addis and Arnold). It often has a tassel on the top. The berretta of an ordinary cleric is black, of a bishop purple, of a cardinal red, of the Pope white. See (lath. Dict.
P,ES. An Egyptian deity who became popular in the period of the New Empire. He was regarded by the priests as an inferior kind of deity, as a demon in fact. Like a Greek satyr he was represented as half-animal half-human. He belonged to a class of grotesque beings who amused the great gods with music and dancing, and fought against adversaries of various kinds. His
figure was used as a magical protection against evil creatures. In the Hellenistic Period Bes was esteemed highly as a protecting warrior, and he was represented as holding a shield in one hand and brandishing a sword with the other. See A. Erman.
13E$ I. The title of one of the Jewish treatises or tractates which reproduce the oral tradition or unwritten law as developed by the second century A.D. and are included in the Mishnah (q.v.), a collection and compila tion completed by Rabbi Judah the Holy, or the Patriarch, about 200 A.D. The sixty-three tractates of the Mishnah are divided into six groups or orders (sedari7n). Be9 is the seventh tractate of the second group, whch is called MO'ed (" Festival ").