HARMONIES OF THE GOSPELS. Theophilus. who was Bishop of Antioch about the years ISI to 190 A.D., is said by Jerome to have made a harmony of the Gospels by " fitting together into one whole the things said by the four evangelists." This work has been lost, but a work of the same kind has been preserved in the Harmony of Tatian (second century), which is otherwise known as the Diatessaron (q.v.). The plan of such Harmonies as these was to combine the narratives of the four Gospels into a single consecutive story. Another kind of Har mony, of which a great number have been produced from early times down to the present time. is more of the nature of a synopsis. The narratives of the four (or three) Gospels are arranged in parallel columns so that their agreements and differences may be seen at a glance. Of this kind apparently was the Harmony of Ammonius, which has been lost. Ammonius lived at Alexandria in the time of Origen (185-254 A.D.). He is said by Eusebins to have constructed his Harmony by making the text of Matthew's Gospel the basis and setting by the side of it the parallel passages in the other Gospels. Eusebius himself compiled a Harmony on a system of his own. He first divided the four Gospels into sections or little chapters. " Then he prepared lists, canons. of the various possible or actual combinations of these chapters. and thus of the Gospels with each other. There were ten of them. The first list contained the numbers of the sections in which all four Gospels agreed with each other. The second list or canon gave the numbers of
the sections in which Matthew. Mark, and Luke coin cided with each other. The third canon offered the sections in which Matthew. Luke, and John agreed. The fourth canon has the sections in which Matthew, Mark, and John go together. The fifth canon is occupied by the sections in which only Matthew and Luke agree. The sixth canon is devoted to the sections in which Matthew and Mark are alike. The seventh canon shows in which sections Matthew and John are of one mind. The eighth canon numbers the sections in which Luke and Mark unite. The ninth canon tells us in which sections Luke and John alone are found. And finally, the tenth canon recounts the sections in which each Gospel stands totally alone." Eusebius " put on the margin in red ink under every number of a section the number of the canon in which it. belonged " (C. R. Gregory). In 1537 Andreas Osiander (1498-1552) published a Harmonia Evangelira, and in 1553 appeared Calvin's Harmonic ex tribes Evan gelistis Composite. Some of the best known modern Harmonies are : K. von Tischendorf's Synopsis Evan geliea; A. Wright's Synopsis of the Gospels in Greek; Stevens and Burton. A Harmony of the Gospels. 1896; S. D. Waddy. A Harmony of the Four Gospels in the Revised Version, 1895.