PAGODAS. The Pagoda has developed out of the Dhgaba. The Dagaba was at first simply the casket in which the Buddhists preserved the relics of their great saints. Then in course of time it came to denote not only the casket containing the relics but also the monu ment containing the casket. Next the monument grew to an enormous size, and Dagabas became Pagodas. Monier-Williams gives a description (after Scott) of the great Rangoon pagoda, which contains relics of Gautama and his three predecessors. " The stately pile stands upon a mound—partly natural, partly artificial—cut into two rectangular terraces one above the other, the upper being 166 feet above the ground, and each side facing one of the cardinal points of the compass. The ascent is by very dilapidated steps, some of stone, some of ' sun-dried bricks, worn almost into a slope by the bare feet of myriads of worshippers.' From the centre of this springs, from an octagonal plinth, the ' profusely gilt solid brick pagoda ', which has a circumference of 1355 feet, and rises to a height of about 328, ' or nearly as high as St. Paul's Cathedral.' On the summit is ' the Tee,' a gilt umbrella-shaped ornament with many tiers of rings, on each of which ' hang multitudes of gold and silver jewelled bells.' It was ' placed there at a cost of not much less than £50,000.' At the foot of the pagoda are four chapels, having colossal figures of Buddha at the sides, and their gilded interiors darkened by the vapour of thousands of burning tapers. ' Hundreds of Gautamas ', large and small, white and black, gilded and plain, sitting, standing, and reclining, surround the larger images." Compare STUPAS. See Monier
Williams, Buddhism, 1890; and H. Hackman.
PAN. The worship of the Greek god Pan originated in Arcadia, where he was the divinity of hills, woods, and pastures, and the patron of hunters, herdsmen, and flocks. He is represented as having shaggy hair, a beard, a puck-nose, two horns, a tail, and goat's feet. He was supposed to wander by day " through hill and dale with the Nymphs, guarding the flocks, especially the goats, and chasing wild animals." At noonday, when he slept, hunters or shepherds could not blow their horns without incurring his wrath. He is supposed to have been fond of music and dancing, and to have invented the syrinx or Pan's pipe. In the forest he was wont to come upon the traveller unexpectedly and to inspire him with sudden terror (" panic "). As a god of hills, he had special mountains in Attica and Arcadia, which were named after him. Some of the rocks were called Pan's goats. As a god of woods, he was an oracular deity, a god of prophecy. The offerings which his worshippers brought to him consisted of the simple products of the country, milk, honey, must, cows. goats, or lambs. He was identi fied with Faunas by the Romans. And with him were associated young Pans (Panisci), just as with Faunas were associated Fauns, and with Silvanus (q.v.) Sil vanuses. See, further, FAUNUS. See O. Seyffert, Dict.; Chambers' Encycl.; J. M. Robertson, C.M., 1910; J. G. Frazer, G.B., Part V. vol. ii.