The standard gallon is determined by the act to be such measure as shall contain 10 lbs. avoirdupois weight, of distilled water, weighed in air, at the temperature of 62°. of Fehr., the barometer being at 30 inches, to be used as well for wine, beer, ale, spirits, and all sorts of liquids, as for dry goods, not measured by heaped measure ; and that all other measures shall be taken in parts or multiples of the said imperial standard gallon, the quart being the fourth part of such gallon, and the pint one-eighth part ; two such gallons making a peck, eight such gallons a bushel, and eight such bushels a quarter of corn, or other dry goods not measured by heaped measure." Heaped measure.—" That the standard measure of capacity for coals, lime, culm, fish, potatoes, or fruit, and all other goods, and things commonly sold by heaped measure, shall be the aforesaid bushel, containing 80 lbs. avoirdupois of water, as aforesaid, the same being made round with a plane and even bottom, and being I9i inches from outside to outside of such standard measure as aforesaid :" and goods thus sold by heaped measure shall be heaped " in the form of a cone, such cone to be of the height of at least six inches, the outside of the bushel to be the extremity of the base of such cone;" three such bushels shall be a sack, and twelve such sacks shall be a chaldron.
Stricken measure.--The last-mentioned goods may be sold either by the heaped
measure or by the standard weight (see the article Wsiour); but for all other kind of goods not usually sold by heaped measure, which may be sold or agreed for measure, the same standatd measure shall be used, but it shall not be heaped, but stricken with a round stick or roller, straight, and of the same diameter from end to end.
The following tables, which are in accordance with the new standard. it will be proper to insert in this place:— An inch is the smallest lineal measure to which a name is given, but mechanics subdivide it generally into eighths and sixteenths; measures or " rules " are however constructed by the rule-makers with every possible variety of subdi visions or scales of the parts of an inch that can be required by artificers, engi neers, and scientific persons.
The following particular measures of length are in general use :— The foregoing measures are used for all liquids, and for all dry goods, except cram, lime, fish, potatoes, fruit, and other goods commonly sold by heaped measure.
• A knowledge of the comparative value of English and French meantreis being indispensable to every scientific reader, we add the following calculation of them by Dr. Duncan, jun. :— For the comparative value of English and French measures of weight, see WEIGHT.