The revolving flyer is the principal feature in Mr. Fanshaw's machine, and ie is itself a very beautiful and no 1 less useful invention ; there are many subor: (limit° contrivances of great ingenuity, which we have left out of the diagram to prevent confusion.
After silk has been reeled and wound, the next operations are spinning and throwing, which may be performed separately, or at the same time. The art of throwing silk was first introduced into this country in 1719, by Mr. John Lambe, who, with considerable ingenuity, and at the risk of his life, succeeded in taking a plan of a throwing machine in Sardinia, and, on his return, established a mill at Derby for conducting that operation, which had, prior to the above date, been kept a profound secret by the foreign manufacturers. From the great expense incurred in establishing the mills at Derby, application was made to Parliament to extend the term of the patent granted to Mr. Lombe, but the Legislature wisely granted him the sum of 14,0001., in lieu of the exten sion of the patent right, and upon condition that he deposited in the Tower of London a complete working model of the machine, where it now remains. Since that period many improvements have been successively made, but amongst the complete and efficient, we are informed, are those introduced by Mr. Fan shaw, end patented by him a short time prior to the winding machinery already described. To avoid that confusion which would be created by the representa tion of the vast multiplication of pulleys, wheels, bobbins, flyers, &c., which u throwing-mill embraces, we shall confine our descliption to the acting Parts of a single operation, leaving the reader to imagine an extensive series of them. The engravings on the following page are explanatory of these improved arrangements. Fig. l is an end view of the throwing machine; A A is the top of the frame ; 11 the bobbin ; C the top spindle ; D the board which supports the spindle ; E the pulley which gives motion to the set of spindles, F is the Oyer to the top spindle; G the lever, which thrdwa the pulled in and out of gear; H the lever pin or centre, in which it works; I the flyer of the bottom spindles J ; K is a fluted roller, which propels the drawing roller L, and gives out the thread to be thrown by the spindle C. The silk, after being wound on the bobbins P, is twisted by the revolving spindles J, which are driven by the band M ; the threads g g pass tely through the eyes is, and are united at g, go over the glass rod a, the roller L, h the eye A, and are then received upon the bobbin B, the twist being effected by the revolving spindle C, which is driven by the band F. Fig. 2 is a bird's-eye view of the machine; the same letters referring to similar parts ; R is a beveled tooth-wheel (not shown in Fig. 1) which drives the shaft Q, and gives motion to the rollers K ; and at the
other end by the bevel gear N, which is connected by a rod to the motion board that draws the bobbin backward and forward, to spread the thread'uniformly over its surface. . lig. 3 is a front view of the machine for making three-thread organ sine ur sewmgs, the parts having been already described above, except the bobbins o, which are shown in dotted lines, and are to be used in case tram is required to be made, instead of organzine. T is a catch to retain the lever G (Fig. 1) in its place when the bobbins are thrown in or out of gear. Fig. 5 represents the end of the bobbin b, which is kept in its place by the small lever w, which lever is fastened on to the motion board s. Fig. 8 is a sectional view of Fig. 5. 15g. 7 is the spindle .1, as seen in Figs. 1 and 3, I being a fixed flyer. Fig. 8 is a view of the opposite side of the pulley E, to that shown in Fig. 1. Fig. 9 is an edge view of the pulley E and lever G, as described in Fig. 1.
The advantages of this machine are said to be, 1st, The throwing of organzine by one process, instead of the three separate processes, as at present practised ; the spinning by one machine, doubling the threads by another, and throwing by a third. 2dly. In the very great increase of speed which can be obtained. 3dly. In the easy manner in which the machine can be altered to singles, tram, organzine, sowings, or any other description of silk. 4thly. In the saving of labour, from the great quantity of spindles that can be attended to by one hand. 5thly. In the little experience required to enable " a hand " to attend the work, thereby obviating the greatest expense in throwing " mill hands." The construction of machinery of the kind, or rather for the purposes wt have been describing, vary considerably ; but the following qualifications are essentially requisite in effecting the operation :—The silk must be made to pass off easily, and without entangling from the delivery bobbins ; a slight and equal degree of tension must be applied to each of the component threads, that the compound thread may be made smooth and even ; and next, which is very important, that the receiving bobbin shall instantly cease to revolve, if any one of the component threads should happen to break, which often occurs ; for without such a contrivance the thread produced would be very imperfect, and of a variable thickness. These necessary qualifications were combined in an eminent degree by the improvements introduced into the tramming engine by Mr. W. V. Shenton, of Winchester, a model of which that gentleman presented to the Society of Arta in 1823, for which, and a description thereof, the Society awarded him their 'Over Vulcan medal.