Albinos
Albi'nos, A Word Of Portuguese Origin, By Which The Portuguese Voyagers Denominated The White Negroes Whom They Found On The Coast Of Africa. These Negroes Were Also Termed Lee Ehiopra—n Term Signifying White Negroes. Both Names Are Now Used, But The Former Popularly, To Designate Individuals Who Exhibit Characters Similar ...
Albrecht D Cher
D Cher, Albrecht, Or Albert, Born At Nurnberg On The 20th Of May 1471, Was The Son Of A Skilful Goldsmith, And Received That Sound Education Which The Wealthy Burghers Of The Free Towns Of Germany Were Accustomed To Give To Their Children. In All Branches Of Instruction Albrecht Made ...
Alburnum
Alburnum, In Plants, Is That Part Of The Stem Of Trees Which Timber-merchants Call Sapwood. It Is The Newly-formed Unchanged Wood Lying Immediately Below The Bark, And Is Always Of A Very Light Colour. It Is The Principal Channel Through Which The Crude Sap Is Conveyed From The Roots Into ...
Alcm
[alcm.) The I.aorpaides Of Iron Are Unimportant Iron And Eldorine Form Two Compounds :— I. Protoehloride Of Hoe Feel Perchloeide Of Iron . , . 1. Protochloride Of Iron In The Anhydrous State (feel) Is Obtained On Posing Dry Hydrochloric Acid Gas Over Iron Filings Heated To Redness, Hydrogen Is ...
Alcyonella
Alcyonella (diminutive Of Alcyonium), A Genus Of Animals Belonging To The Fresh-water Polyzoa, Or Aecidian Zoophytes. The Species Of This Genus Were Originally Regarded As Plants. They Are Composed Of A Fleshy Sponge-like Mass, Which Consists Of Vertical, Aggregated, Membranaceous Tubes, Which Open On The Surface. In These Tubes The ...
Alcyonida
Alcyonida, A Family Of The Asteroid Polypes, Containing The Genera Alcycm.ium And Sarcodictyon. They Are Distinguished From The Pennatuliche (sea-pens), And The Gorgortiader (sea-fans), By The Polype Mass Being Tough And Fleshy, Without Any Distinct Axis, But Strengthened By The Irregular Distribution Of Calcareous Spiculre. The Polype-cells Are Placed Hi ...
Alcyonidddi
Alcyonidddi (from Aleyoniess, On Account Of Its External Resemblance), A Genus Of Animals Belonging To The I Ufundibulate Section Of The L'olyzoa, Or Ascidian Zoophytes. It Presents A Fleshy Variously Lobed Mass, Containing In It 5-sided Cells, Which Contain Ascidian Polypes Surrounded With A Double Sheath. The Most Common Species ...
Aldelbert Von Chamisso
Chamisso, Aldelbert Von, A Distinguished Poet, Naturalist, And Traveller, Was Born On The 27th Of January 1781 In The Chateau Of Boncoart In Champagne. He Belonged To A Very Aucient Noble Family Of Lorraine. Uutil The Outbreak Of The French Revolution The Family Lived Quietly Ou Their Estate, And Adelbert'e ...
Alexander Cagliostro
Cagliostro, Alexander, Commonly Called Count De, One Of The Most Impudent And Successful Impostors Of Modern Times. His Real Name Was Joseph Balsams), And He Was Born At Palermo On The 8th Of June 1743. His Friends Designed Him For The Monastic Profession, But During His Noviciate He Ran Away ...
Alexander Colin
Colin, Alexander, The Sculptor Of The Excellent Marble Alti Rillevi Of The Celebrated Tomb Of The Emperor Maximilian I. Iu The Kreuzkirche At Innsbruck. Colin Was Born At Blechliu In 1526, And In 1563 Was Invited By The Emperor Ferdinand I. To Innsbruck, To Complete The Alti-rilievi Of His Grandfather's ...
Alexander Csoma De Koros
Csoma De Koros, Alexander, Is The Form Of Name Assumed In Hie Published Works, All Of Which Are In English, By A Scholar Of !lung:irian Or Rather Of Transylvanian Birth, Whose Name In His Own Isuguage Is Written Koriisi Csoma Sander. Ile Was Born Not Long Before 1790 At Iibriis ...
Alexander Dalrymple
Alexander Dalrymple, The Hydrographer. He Was Born At New Hanes, The Seat Of His Father, Sir James Dalrymple, Bart., On The 24th Of July 1737, And Was The Seventh Son Of A Family Of Sixteen Children, All Of Whom He Survived. His Scholastic Education Was Very Limited, Partly From The ...
Alexander Gabriel Cassini
Alexander Gabriel Cassini, His Son, The Fifth Of The Name, Was Born At Paris May 9, 1781, And Began An Astronomical Career At A Very Early Age, But Soon Relinquished This Pursuit Fur That Of Botany. Lie Was A Judge Of The Cour Royale, And Died Of The Cholera At ...
Alexander Geddes
Geddes, Alexander, Ll.d., Was Born In 1737, At Arradowl, In The Parish Of Rnthven And County Of Banff; Scotland. His Parents, Who Were In Humble Circumstances, Were Enabled, By The Kindness Of The Laird Of The Village, To Glee Their Son A Respectable Education. After Spending Seven Years At Scalars, ...
Alexander Hamilton Everett
Everett, Alexander Hamilton, Was Born March 19, 1790, At Boston, United States Of North America, Where His Father Occupied A High Position As A Clergyman. He Graduated With Dis Tinction At Harvard University In 1806 ; Was For A While Tutor In An Academy ; And Then Entered The Office ...
Alexander Sergievich Griboyedov
Griboyedov, Alexander Sergievich, A Russian Poet And Diplomatist, Was Born At Moscow About 1793, Studied At The University Of That Capital, And In 1810 Took A Preliminary Degree In The Ethico-political Branch. When The War Of Invaslou Broke Out In 1812, He Quitted His Studies To Take A Cornetcy In ...
Alexandre Du Sojimerard
Du Sojimerard, Alexandre, A French Archaeologist, Was Born In 1779 At Bar-sur-aube, Department De L'aube. At The Age Of Fourteen He Entered The Republican Army, And Though In 1796 He With Drew From It In Order To Pursue A Civil Career, He Was Recalled And Compelled To Serve Till 1801, ...
Alexiewna Catharina Il
Catharina Il., Alexiewna, Born In 1729, Was The Daughter Of The Prince Of Anhalt Zerbst, Governor Of Stettin In Prusaino Rome Mule. Her Name Was Sophia Augusta Von Anhalt. She Married In 1745 Her Cousin Charles Frederic, Duke Of Holstein Oottorp, Whom His Aunt The Empress Elizabeth Of Russia Had ...
Aligiiieri Dante Or Durante
Da'nte Or Durante, Aligiiie'ri, Was Born At Florence On The 8th Of May 1265. By A Familiar Contraction Of His Christian Name, Durantc, He Was Called Dante, By Which Name He Has Become Generally Known. His Family Was Noble ; He Was A Great Grandson Of Cacciaguida Elisci, Who Married ...
Alkaloids Of
Alkaloids Of. Opium—the Dried Juice That Exudes From Incisions Made In Poppy Heads While Still Growing On The Plant— Owes Its Well-known Narcotic Properties To Certain Organic Bases Or Alkaloids. The Number Of These Alkaloids At Present Known Is Seven ; Their Names Are-1. Illorphine; 2. Codeine; 3. Thebaiee; 4. ...
Alkaloids Of Nux Voiwica
Nux Voiwica, Alkaloids Of, The Beans And Hark Of The Nux Vomica, And Of Several Other Species Of The Genus Strychnos [srnycnnos, In Nat. Hist. Div.] Contain Three Alkaloids, Namely, (i) Strychnine, (2) Brucine, (3) Igasurine. It Is To These Alkaloids That The Poisonous Properties Of The Plants Are Due. ...
Allan Cunningham
Cunningham, Allan, Was Born At Blackwood In Dumfries Shire, In 1785, Of Parents In Humble Circumstances, Though Not Of Humble Descent,-as One Of His Ancestors Lost The Family Patrimony In Ayrshire By Taking The Side Of Montroee In The Time Of The Common Wealth. " His Father," Says Allan Cunningham, ...
Allegiilny
Allegiilny Mousrrstes. It Extends In A General North-east Direction, From The Southern Boundary Of The State Along The Cumberland Moun Tains To The Greenbrier Ridge, And Along Laurel Range To Cheat River, Which Breaks Through It Near 39° 20' N. Let., And Thence To Pennsyl Vania, Where It Goes By ...
Alligator
Alligator, A Name Originally Given By The British Colonists Of The Southern States Of The North American Union, To A Largo Species Of Reptile Closely Resembling The Crocodile Of Egypt, But Which Modern Researches Have Shown To Possess Characters Generically Differing From Those Of That Animal. The Word Is Supposed ...
Allium
Allium, A Very Extensive Genus Of Bulbous Monocotyledonous Plants, Belonging To The Natural Order Liliacece. The Species Are All Remarkable For Having, In A Greater Or Less Degree, The Odour Of Garlic, And For The Agreeable Stimulating Effects That Accompany It. For This Reason Some Of Them Have Been Objects ...
Aloe
Aloe, A Genus Of Succulent Plants Belonging To The Natural Order It Comprehends A Very Considerable Number Of Species Which Differ From Each Other Exceedingly In The Size, Form, And Surface Of Their Leaven, In Stature, And In The Colour, Size, And Structure Of Their Flowers. The Greater Part Of ...
Alonso Cano
Ca'no, Alonso, N Very Celebrated Spanish Painter, Sculptor, And Architect, Wee Born At Granada, Iu March 1601. Ile Was Educated Iu Seville, Whither His Father, An Architect, Had Removed ; And He Studied Sculpture There, Under J. Montanes, And Painting Under Pacheco And Juno Do Castillo, All Men Of Celebrity ...
Alonso Erc1lla Y Zuniga
Erc1lla Y Zuniga, Alonso, The Author Of The 'araucana,' An Epic Poem, And Better Known Out Of Spain Than Many Other Spanish Works Of Greater Merit. Alonso Was The Third Son Of A Cele Brated Lawyer, Fortun Oarcia, Lord Of The Castle Of Ercilla, And Was Born At Madrid In ...
Aloysius Galvani
Galva'ni, Aloysius (lewis), Was Descended From A Respectable Family Of Bologna, Which Had Produced Several Distiuguished Men Of Letters. He Was Born In That Town In 1737, And In Consequeeco Of A Religious Turn Of Mind Which Be Strongly Displayed During His Child Hood, Was At First Designed For Holy ...
Alum Slate
Alum-slate, A Rock From Which, As Its Name Implies, Alum Is Prepared. It Is Found In Germany, Sweden, &c.; And In Yorkshire A Stratum Occurs, Which, According To Mr. Winter (nicholson's 'journal,' No. 25, P. 241), Is 23 Miles In Length, Extending From 10 Miles To The Southward Of Whitby ...
Amarantace4e
Amaranta'ce4e, Amaranths, A Natural Order Of Apetalous Dicotyledonous Plants, Remarkable For The Dry Coloured Scales Of Which All Their Bracts And Floral Envelopes Are Composed—a Character By Which They Are Principally Known From Cholopodiacar. Their Essential Distinction Is Briefly This : Calyx, Dry, Coloured, Not Falling Away; Petals, Wanting; Stamens, ...
Amazonas
Amazonas. That Portion Of Venezuela Which Lies East Of The Rio Orinoco And North Of The Pacaraima Ridge Is Mostly Occupied By The Parimo Moun Tains And Their Offsets. [onrsoco.] The Greater Part Of This Immense Tract, Which Comprehends More Than One-third Of The Territories Of The Republic, Is Entirely ...
Amber
Amber, A Carbonaceous Mineral Which Occurs In Beds Of Lignite, In Greenland, Prussia, France, Switzerland, And Some Other Countries. The Greater Portion Of It Comes From The Southern Coasts Of The Baltic Sca, Where It Is Thrown Up Between Konigsberg And Memel. (ber Zelius, Trait6 Do Chimie,' Vi. 589.) It ...
Ambergris
Ambergris, A Substance Of Animal Origin, Found Principally In Warm Climates, Floating On The Sea, Or Thrown On The Coasts. The Best Comes From Madagascar, Surinam, And Java. It Has Been Found In The Intestinal Canal Of The Physcter Macrocephalus, Mixed With The Remains Of Several Marine Animals Which Have ...
Amelanch1er
Amelanch1er (the Savoy Name Of The Medlar), A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Sub-order Pomecc (pomacecr, Lindley), Of The Order .rosacece. It Has A 5-cleft Calyx With Lanceolate Petals, And An Ovary Of 10 Cells, With A Solitary Ovule In Each. The Mature Fruit Is 3-5 Celled, With One ...
Amethyst
Amethyst. This Name Has Been Applied To Two Precious Stones Of Essentially Different Natures. The Oriental Amethyst Is A Rare Variety Of Adamantine Spar [adamantine Spar] Or Corundum. The Occidental, Or Common Amethyst, Now To Be Described, Is A Variety Of Quartz Or Rock Crystal, Which Is Met With In ...
Amiullaiiia
Ami'ulla'iiia, A Genus Of Fresh-water Spiral Univalve Shells, Which Are Found In The Riven, And Ponds Of India, Africa, And South America. They Are Of A Globular Or Rather Depressed Form, Are Covered With A Thick Olive Or Black Periostreca, And Often Banded. Their Mouth Is Ovate, With The Lips ...
Ammodytes
Ammodytes, O Genus Of Fishes Belonging To The Division Of Apodal Malaeopterygii And Family A Nyuillidm. The Body Is Very Long, And The Head Lanceolate. On The Back Is A Dorsal Fin Extending Nearly Its Whole Length. The Anal Fin Is Also Long ; And The Caudal, Which Is Forked, ...
Ammonites
Ammonites, It Fossil Genus Of Cephalopodous Mollusea, Allied To Tha Recent Genus Nautilus:. The Species Are Known By The Old Latin Name Corns Ammonia. These Comm Ammonia, Cornea El Ammon Of The French, Were So Called From A Fancied Resemblance To The Horns With Which The Hetul Of Jupiter Ammon ...
Amoibite
Amoibite, In Mineralogy, A Variety Of Arsenical Nickel, Containing' From 40 To 50 Per Cent. Of Nickel And 14 Per Cent. Of Sulphur. . Am0'31u31, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Zingiberacete. It Consists Of Species Having White Flowers Collected In Close Heads, Which Arise From The ...
Ampiiisriena
Ampiiisriena (from Leephri3atea, Which Signifies An Animal That Can Walk In Both Directions ' ), A Genus Of Serpents, Distinguished By Their Bodies Having Nearly The Same Uniform Thickness From The Head To The Extremity Of The Tail, By Their Small Months And Extremely Diminutive Eyes, Their Remarkably Short, Tails, ...
Ampyx
Ampyx (delman), A Genus Of Fossil Crustacea (trilobites), Four Species Of Which Have Been Described By Colonel L'ortlock, From Tyrone. Allyoda'lex (drupaceer Of Lindley), A Sub-order Of The Natural Order' Rosocec [itossces:], Among Which It Is Known By Its Bearing The Kind Of Fruit Called A Drupe, By The Stamens ...
Amyodalus
Amy'odalus, A Genus Of Plants, The Type Of The Nub-order Amygdalea., Comprehending The Almond, And The Peach And Nectarine, Besides A Few Bushes, The Chief Interest Of Which Arises From Their Gay Appearance. A. Eommunis, The Common Almond, Is A Native Of Barbary, Whence It Had Not Been Transferred Into ...
Anabas
A'nabas (from Avaeatvw, To Ascend), The Name Given By Cuvier To A Genus Of Acanthopterygious Osseous Fishes, Remarkable For The Power Possessed By The Species Of Living For Some Time Out Of Water, And Making Their Way On Land. This Power Depends On A Structure Characteristic Of The Family Of ...
Ananassa
Ananassa, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Bromeliacea', Found Wild In The Woods Of South America, And Now Commonly Cultivated In The Gardens Of Rich Europeans. It Is Distinguished From The Bromdia, To Which It Was Once Referred, By Its Succulent Fruit Collected In A Compact Head. ...
Anatomy
Ana'tomy, From A Greek Term Which Literally Signifies The Separation Of A Thing Into Parts By Cutting;' The Term Anatomy Is Used To Signify Particularly, Dissection, Or Knowledge Acquired By Dissection. Anatomy Is At Once An Art And A Science ; An Art, Inasmuch Rs The Pursuit Of It Requires ...
Anchovy
Anchovy (engraulus, Cuvier), A Genus Of Abdominal Malacoptery Gious Fishes, Separated By Baron Cuvier From The Clupem, Or Herrings Of Linmeus, From Which They Are Distinguished By The Superior Number Of Their Branchiostegous Rays, Amounting To Twelve Or Upwards, By The Gape Of The Mouth Extending Behind The Eyes, And ...
Anchusa
Anchu'sa, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Boraginoceer, And To The Sub-tribe A Achusem. The Calyx Is 5-fid ; The Corolla Funnel-shaped, With A Straight Tube, The Throat Being Closed By Prominent Obtuse Scales; The Stamens Are Included, And Subsessile ; The Fruit A Nut, Which Is ...
Ancient Lights
Lights, Ancient, Are Known To The Law As The Foundation Of A Right For Which A Man May Prescribe Over The Premises Of Another To The Unobstructed Passage Of Light In The Same Degree To Which It Has Theretofore Been Enjoyed By Him Or Those Whom He Has Succeeded In ...
Ancouver Island
,."ancouver Island.] The Southern Coast Con Sists Of Perpendicular Sandy Cliffs Of Moderate Elevation, From Which The Land Gradually Rises Towards The Craggy Mountains Of Interior. About 70 Miles From The Mouth Of The Strait Is A Long Low Sandy Point Which Forme A Good Anchoring-ground ; Aud Beyond This ...
And Ultimate
And Ultimate. Section 2. On Centripetal Force. (1) Equal Areas Are Described In Equal Times. Six Corollaries On The Comparison Of Velocities And Forces ; The Former Inversely As The Perpendiculars On The Tangents, The Latter As The Sagittie Of Area Described In Equal Times. (2) If Equal Areas Bo ...
Anders Fryxell
* Fryxell, Anders, One Of The Most Eminent Living Historians Of Sweden, Was Born On The 7th Of February 1795, At The Parsonage Of Heaaelakog In Dalsland, Where His Father Was Minister. Anders Was The Eldest Of Six Children, And Though He Made His Way To The University Of Upsal, ...
Andoche Junot
Junot, Andoche, Duc D'abrantes, Was Born At Bussy-les Forges, On The 24th Of September 1771, According To The Duchess's Memoirs, Whilst All The Biographical Dictionaries Fix The Date In October Of The Same Year. He Had Begun To Study For The Law, When The Political Events Of 1791 !mimed Him ...
Andra Marie De Ci1enier
Ci1enier, Andra-marie De, Was Born At Constantinople, Oct. 22, 1763, Whore His Father Was Consulgencral Of France. The Family Having Returned To Franco In 1773, Andr6 Was Placed At The Col 16ge De Navarre In Paris, And Went Through A Long Course Of Study With Signal Recces:. In Greek Particularly ...
Andre
Andre, Was Born At Castres In 1651, And Studied At Saumur Under Tanegay Lefevre, Whose Daughter Anne (born Iu ]654) He Married In 1633. Both Husband And Wife Became Eminent Among The Elaselieal Scholars Of The 17th Century. They Were Employed With Others To Comment Upon And Edit A Aeries ...
Andre Duchesne
Duchesne, Andre, A French Historian, Was Born In 1581 At Bile- Bouchard, A Small Town In The Department Of Ludre-et-loire. He Commenced His Studios At Loudon, And Completed Them At Paris Under Juloa-cdsar Boulanger. Lie Applied Himself Especially To Geography And History, And Became So Greatly Distinguished For His Acquisitions ...
Andre Felibien
Felibien, Andre, Was Born In May 1619 At Depart Ment Of Eure Et-loir, France. He Was Appointed Secretary Of Embassy To The Marquis De Fontenay-mareuil On His Mission To Rome In 1647 ; And There Formed An Acquaintance With Poussin And Other Eminent Artists, And Gave Much Attention To The ...
Andre Hercule De Fleury
Fleury', Andre Hercule De, Cardinal, Was Born In 1653 At Lodeve In Languedoc, Studied At Paris In The College Of The Jesuits, Was Afterwards Made Almoner To The Queen-consort Of Louis Xiv., And In 1699 Bishop Of Fr6jue, Which See He Resigned In 1715, On Account Of Ill-health. Louis Xiv. ...
Andrea Di Luigi
Luigi, Andrea Di, Commonly Called L'ingegno, And Some Times Andrea Di Assisi, Was Born At Assisi About The Middle Of The 15th Century. The Common Story Of This Painter, Originating With Vessel, Has Been Completely Overthrown By Rumohr In His ' Italienische Forschungen.' The Account Of Vasari, Which Has Been ...
Andreas Johannes Lascaris
La!scaris, Andreas Johannes, Of The Same Family, But Some What Younger Than Constantine Lascarls, Was Called Ittivxuaceniis, Because He Came From Some Place In Bithynia, Near The Banks Of The Rhyndacus. Andreas Lascaris Left Greece At The Time Of The Turkish Conquest, And Repaired To Florence, Where Lorenzo De Medici ...
Andrew Fletcher
Fletcher, Andrew, Was The Son Of Slr Robert Fletcher, Of Saltoun, In East Lothian, Where He Was Born In 1653. Sir Robert Is Said To Have Died When His Son Was A Child. Andrew Fletcher's Early Education Was Superintended By Gilbert Burnet, Afterwards The Celebrated Bishop Of Salisbury, Who Was ...
Andrew Hofer
Hofer, Andrew, A Native Of The Village Of St. Leonard, In The Valley Of Paaseyr, Was Born On The 22nd Of November 1767. During The Greater Part Of His Life Be Resided Peaceably In His Own Neighbour Hood, Where He Kept An Inn, And Increased His Profits By Dealing In ...
Andrew Jackson
Jackson, Andrew, American General And President, Was Him Self A Native Of The United States ; Although His Father, Of The Same Name, Was An Irishman, The Youngest Of The Four Eons Of Hugh Jack Son, A Linendraper Near Carrickfergus; And Either The Linendraper Himself, Or One Of His Recent ...
Andrew Kippis
Kippis, Andrew, D.d., F.r S , A Unitarian Divine, Held In Great Estimation Both Among The Members Of His Own Communion And Generally In The World Of Literature And Science, Was Born In 1725. He Was Descended Of Ministers Who Had Left The Church In 1662, On The Parsing Of ...
Angelo Calogiera
Calogiera, Angelo, Born At Padua In 1699, Of A Family Originally From Corfu, Studied At Venice, And Entered At Au Early Age The Monastery Of St. Michele, Near Mnrano, Which Belonged To The Order Of Tho Camaldulensea. After Having Taken His Vows, He Was Sent To Ravenna To Teach Theology, ...
And From 1 Ear
Tenant At Will, And From 1 Ear To Year, "tenancy At Will," Says Littleton, A. 68, " Is Where Lands Or Tenements Are Let By One Man To Another To Have And To Hold To Him At The Will Of The Lessor, By Force Of Which Lease The Lessee In ...