Bankruptcy
Bankruptcy. Since The Article Bansiturrev In The First Volume Of This Cycloptedia Was Written, The Law Relating To Bankruptcy And Insolvency Has Undergone Such Extension And Alteration By The Legis Lature During The Last Session Of Parliament (24 & 25 Viet., C. 134) That A Short Review Thereof Is Necessary. ...
Banksia
Ba'nksia, An Australian Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Proteacece. It Was Named In Compliment To Sir Joseph Banks. It Consists Of Bushes Or Less Frequently Of Small Trees, With Their Branches Growing In An Umbellate Manner. The Leaves Are Hard And Dry, And In Young Plants Always ...
Baptiste Honore Capefigue
*capefigue, Baptiste Honore, Raymond, One Of The Most Prolific Living Historians And Periodical Writers Of France, Was Born At Marseille In 1801. After Finishing His Academic Course Iu His Native Place, He Entered Upon The Study Of The Law, And In Order To Complete His Legal Studies He Proceeded In ...
Barb
Barb, The Name Of A Noble Breed Of Horses Reared By The Moors Of Barbary And Morocco, And Introduced Into Spain During Their Dominion In That Country, Whore However It Has Been Suffered To Degenerate Greatly Since Their Expulsion. The Noble Race Of Barbary Homes Which We Commonly Call Barbs ...
Barbara Botland
Barbara Botland, Wife Of Thomas Holland, Was The Daughter Of Mr. Robert Wreaks, A Partner In A Manufactory At Sheffield, Where She Was Born In 1770. In 1796 She Married Mr. Hoole, A Gentleman Engaged In The Same Line Of Business As Her Father ; He Died In About Two ...
Barbarea
Barba'rea (from A Former Name, Herb St. Barbara), A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Crucifers. It Has A Terete 2-edged Pod, The Valves Convex, With A Prominent Longitudinal Nerve ; The Stigma Capitate, The Seeds In A Single Row. Barbarea Belongs To The First Sub-order Of Cruciferw, ...
Barbel
Barbel (barbee, Envier), A Genus Of Abdominal Malacopterygious Fishes, Belonging To The Carp Family (cyprinidw), And Distinguished By The Shortness Of Their Dorsal And Anal Fimi, By A Strong Spine, Which Replaces The Second Or Third Ray Of The Dorsal, By Four Beards Or Fleshy Tentacula, Which Grow From The ...
Barbets
Barbets, The English Name For A Family Of Birds Of The Order Scansores, Or Climbers ; Les Barbus Of The French, And The Genus Bacco Of Brisson And Linnaeus. They Are Distinguished By Their Large Conical Beak, Which Appears Swollen, As It Were, Or Puffed Out At The Sides Of ...
Barckiia Usia
Barckiia Usia, The Name Of A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Camposittr, The Tribe Giehorsicar, And The Sub-tribe La Ditear. It Has Many-flowered Heads, A Double Involucre, The Inner Of One Row, The Outer Of Short Lax Scales ; Tho Fruits 4-cornered, All (or The Inner Ones ...
Bark
Bark, In Vegetable Physiology, Is The External Coating Of The Stem And Branches Of Plants, Unsheathing The Wood. In Woody Exogens It Separates Spontaneously From The Wood In Spring And Bummer, And In Herbaceous Plants Of The Same Class It May Be Easily Removed With A Little Care ; But ...
Baron Ludvig Holberg
Holberg, Baron Ludvig, Or Lewis, Who May Be As The Father, Or, As He Has Been Styled By Some, The Colossus Of Modern Danish Literature, Was Born At Bergen In Norway, In 1684. So Far From Being The Inheritor Of Title Or Patrimony, He Was Of Obscure Family, His Father ...
Baron Van Der Capellen
Capellen. Goderd Alexander Gerard Philip, Baron Van Der, A Distinguished Governorgeneral Of The Dutch East Iodide, Was Born At Utrecht On The 15th Of December 1773. Lie Lost His Father, Alexander Philip Van Der Capellen, Hoer Van Lierken Wood. Before He Was Alms Years Old. After Studying At Gatingen %andel:marten. ...
Barquicimento Or
Barquicimento. Or L'arinas, The Capital Of Tho Province Of The Same Name, Is Built On The St. Domingo River, At The Base Of The Nevado De Mdrida, In R 30' N. Let., 70° 12' W. Long.: Population About 6000. It Is The Centre Of A Very Fertile District, And A ...
Barthelemi D Herbelot
Herbelot, Barthe'lemi D', Was Born At Paris, On The 14th Of December 1625. Ho Commenced The Study Of The Oriental Languages In Early Life, And Acquired An Accurate Knowledge Of The Arabic, Hebrew, Syriac, Persian, And Turkish Languages. During His Residence In Italy, Whither He Went With The Hope Of ...
Bartholome De Las Casas
Ca'sas, Bartholome De Las, Was Born At Seville Of A Noble Family In 1474. When He Was About Twenty Ho Accompanied His Father, Who Embarked With Colombo In His Second Voyage To The West Indies. On His Return To Spain He Entered Holy Orders And Became Curate Of A Parish. ...
Basalt
Basalt, A Hard Dark-coloured Rock Of Igneous Origin. The Chemical Composition In Variable, As Appears From Different Analyses, Two Of Which, By Beudant And Phillips, Are As Follows :— True Basalt Has Been Regarded As Composed Of Augite, Felspar, And Oxide Of Iron ; But This Definition Is Far Too ...
Basil Hall
Hall, Basil, Captain, R.n., Was Born At Edinburgh In 1789. His Father, Sir James Hall, Bart., Of Douglass, Was President Of The Royal Society Of Edinburgh. He Was The Author Of An ' Essay On The Origin, Principles, And History Of Gothic Architecture,' Published In 1813, And A Frequent Contributor ...
Basilisk
Basilisk (basitisemur, Daudin), A Genus Of Saurian Reptiles, Belonging To The Iguanian Family. It Is To Be Observed That The Ba-silisk Of Modern Erpetology Is A Very Different Animal From The Basilisk (flaelxieces) Or Royal Serpent Of Antiquity, The Taepha Or Taiphoai Of The I Lebrews, Which Is Translated Cockatrice ...
Basses Pyrenees
Pyrenees, Basses, A Department In The South-west Of France, Lies Between 42° 47' And 43' 35' N. Lat., 0° 2' E. And 1° 45' W. Long., And Is Bounded N. By The Departments Of Landes And Gera, E. By That Of Hautes-pyrendee, S. By The Pyrenees And Spain, And W. ...
Bassia
Ba'ssia, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Sapotacea'. It Has A Calyx Of Four Or Five Leaves, A Monopetalous Fleshy Corolla, With Its Border Generally 8-parted, And A Great Number Of Stamens. The Ovary Terminates In A Long Taper Style, And Contains From Six To Eight 1-seeded ...
Beagle
Beagle, A Small Well-proportioned Hound, Slow But Sure, Having Au Excellent Nose And Most Enduring Diligence, Formerly Much In Fashion For Hunting The Hare, But Now Comparatively Neglected, Its Place Being Occupied, Where Hare-hunting Is Patronised, By The Harrier. [harrier.] These Were The Little Hounds So Much Prized By The ...
Bean Goose
Bean-goose. [goose.] Bealt, The English Name For A Family Of Plantigrade Mamnialia, Forming A Natural Group, With Six Incisor Teeth And Two Canine Teeth In Each Jaw, Twelve Molars In The Upper And Fourteen In The Lower Jaw ; Petitadactyle Or Five-toed Feet, Armed With Strong Claws ; And A ...
Beaver
Beaver, The English Name For The Genus Caator (cuvier), One Of The Order Of Rodent Or Gnawing Animals (llodentia, Cuvier, Clires, Lin N:cum), With 2 Incisors, Or Cutting Teeth, And 3 Molars In Each Jaw, 20 In All; And Particularly Distinguished From All The Rest Of That Order By A ...
Bedstraw
Bedstraw. [galloar..] Bee, The Name Common To All The Species Of A Very Numerous Tribe Of Insects Of The Order Hymenoptera. In England Alone About 250 Species Have Been Discovered. Kirby, In His Beautiful Monograph, 'apum Anglim,' Divides Them Into Two Great Groups—apia And Melitta, Which Differ Principally In The ...
Bee Eater
Bee-eater, The Vernacular Name For A Species Of Bird Belonging To The Genus Oferops, Linn., Olio Of The Family Meropithe, And Of The Syndactylous Tribe, Which Have The External Toe Nearly As Long As The Middle One, And Both Joined Together Up To The Penultimate The Birds Of This Genus ...
Begonia
Begonia. [baioxince.e.) Begonia'ceie, Beyonia(ls, A Natural Order Of Exogens, Consisting Of Three Genera, Begoina, Eapetalum, And Diptodiniam. The Species Are 159, And Are Found Exclusively In The Dampest Parts Of The Tropics In Both The New And Old World, Particularly Hi Asia And America. They Have Perfectly Unisexual Flowers, With ...
Belemnites
Belemnites (from The Greek Fl(searos, A Dart Or Arrow), Pfeil Stein And Donnerstein Of The Germans, Pierre De Foudre Of The French, A Genus Of Extinct Cephalopodous Mollusca, Whose Conical Remains Were For A Long Time Utterly Misunderstood. Before The Geological History Of This Extinct Marine Animal Was Well Made ...
Bellis
Bellis (from Belles, Pretty), A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Composite', And To De Candolle's Suborder Uorysibifer•er, Tribe Astoroidere, Subtribe Asterinem, Division Asterem, And Subdivision Beltidece. It Has A Receptacle Without Scales, Flowers Of The Ray Ligulate, Pistilliferous In One Row, Those Of The Disk Hermaphrodite Tubular, ...
Bellisario Corenzio
Corenzio, Bellisa'rio (cavaliere), A Greek, And A Celebrated Painter, Distinguished For His Ability And Notorious For His Invidious Tyranny Over The Painters Of Naples In His Time, Whether Neapolitans Or Straugers, Was Born About 1558. He Was Five Years The Pupil Of Tiutoretto At Venice, And Settled In Naples About ...
Belone
Belo'ne, A Genus Of Fishes Belonging To The Family Esocidce Of The Abdominal Malaeopterygii. It Has A Head And Body Greatly Elongated, The Latter Covered With Minute Scales ; Both Jaws Very Much Produced, Straight, Narrow, And Pointed, And Armed With Numerous Small Teeth ; The Dorsal Fin Placed Over ...
Beloptera
Belo'ptera, A Genus Of Fossil Mensal, Established By Deshayes And Described By De Blainville As An Animal Entirely Unknown, Containing In The Back Part Of Its Muscular Envelope A Symme Trical Calcareous Or Bony Shell Formed Of A Thick Solid Summit Very Much Loaded Behind, And A Front Tube More ...
Belosepia
Belose'pia (voltz). In This Genus M. Voltz Ranks Two Of The Species (b. Cur Ieri And B. Compressa) Which Form Part Of The Beloptera Of De Blainville. Belvisia'ce.re, Napoleon-worts, A Small Natural Order Of Plants, Comprehending Only Two Genera. One Of These Was Discovered In The Kingdom Of Oware, By ...
Benjamin Carl Henrik Hoijer
Hoijer, Benjamin Carl Henrik, A Philosopher Of Vary High Reputation In Sweden, Whom /lemma:ski:1d, The Historian Of Swedish Philosophy, Describes As '' The Most Distinguished Man Of His Country And His Age, Whose Europe Will One Day Number With Pride Among Its Thinkers." He Was Born On The Let Of ...
Benjamin Cooke
Cooke, Benjamin, A Highly-distinguished Composer And Organist, Was The Son Of Ilenjsinin Cooke, A Music-publisher In New-street, Covent Garden. Ile Was Born In 1739, And Before He Had Attained His Ninth Year Became The Pupil Of The Celebrated Dr. Pepusch, Under Whom Ho Made Such Progress, That When Only Twelve ...
Benjamin Franklin
Franklin, Benjamin, Bore At Boston, In New England, January 6, 1700, Old Style, Was The Son Of A Tallow-chandler Iu Humble Circumstances, But Intelligent And Strong-minded. As It Boy He Had A Great Desire To Go To Sea; But He Also Displayed A Fondness For Rending, Which Induced His Father ...
Benjamin Hoadley
Hoadley, Benjamin, An English Clergyman, Successively Bishop Of Bangor, Hereford, Salisbury, And Winchester, Was Born In 1670, At Westerham In Kent. In A General View Of Bishop Headley's Character, And His Relation To The Times In Which He Lived, He Is To Be Regarded, 1st, As A Principal Writer Among ...
Benjamin Jonson
Jonson, Benjamin, Was Born At Westminster In The Year 1574, And Educated At Westminster School, Where Camden Was His Master, As He Mentions In The Dedication Of 'every Man In His Humour.' Jonson's Father Had Died Just Before His Son's Birth. His Widow About Two Years Afterwards Married A Second ...
Benjamin Kennicott
Kennicott, Benjamin, Was Born Of Humble Parents, At Totnes, In Devonshire, April 4th, 1718. Being Appointed Master Of A Charity-school In His Native Town, He Continued In This Situation Till 1744, When Several Of His Friends Raised A Sufficient Sum Of Money To Enable Him To Go To Oxford. He ...
Benjamin Robert Haydon
Haydon, Benjamin Robert, Wee Born January 25th 1786 At Plymouth, Where His Father Was A Bookseller. Hayden Was Educated First At The Plymouth Grammar-school And Afterwards At The Plympton Grammar-school, Where Sirjoshua Reynolds Had Received His Education. Ilaydon'a Father Drew A Little Himself, Arid Had A Taste For Art, And ...
Benozzo Gozzoli
Go'zzoli, Benozzo, A Celebrated Old Italian Painter, Born At Florence In 1400, According To Vasari, But In 1406,according To Ciampi. Lie Was The Pupil Of Fra Giovanni Da Fiesole, Whose Works, As Well As Those Of Masaccio, He Studiously Imitated, But He Failed Completely In Attaining 3iaaaccio'a Style Of Design. ...
Benvenuto Celluni
Celluni, Benvenu'to, Was Born In Floreooe, In The Year 1500. The Narrative Of His Career We Abridge From The Very Remarkable Auto Biography Noticed At The End Of The Article. Ilia Father Was Desirous That Benvenuto Should Be Brought Up To The Profession Of Music, But He Showed So Decided ...
Beraunite
Beraunite, The Name Of N Phosphate Of The Peroxide Of Iron Which Has A Hyacinth-red Colour, Becoming Darker On Exposure To The Atmosphere. (liana, L'eiibellida'ce B, Berfocrids, The Barberry Tribe, A Natural Order Of Plants Belonging To The Class Of Exogens Or Dicotyledons. It Is Readily Known By Three Characters ...
Bernard Germain Lacepede
Lacepede, Bernard Germain Kt1enne, De La Ville, Comte De, A Celebrated French Naturalist, Was Born At Agen, Chief Town Of The Department Of Lot-et-garonne, On The 26th Of December 1756. His Father, Jean Joseph Medard De La Ville, Held A High Legal Appointment (lieutenant-general Of The Senechausede) At Aged, And ...
Bernard Gilpin
Gilpin, Bernard, Is One Of Those Persons Who, Without Having Been Placed In Stations Which Afforded The Opportunity For The Display Of Extraordinary Intellectual Powers, Or Having Had The Course Of Their Lives Marked By Very Unusual And Extraordinary Incidents, Yet Occupy No Inconsiderable Space In The Eye Of Their ...
Bernard Le Fontenelle
Fontenelle, Bernard Le Bovielt De, Born Nt Rouen, 11th February 1657 Was, By His Mother's Side, Nephew Of The Great Corneille. Educated At The College Of Tho Jesuits In His Native City, He Displayed, At A Very Early Period, The Quickness And The Aptitude Of His Talents, Which He Cultivated ...
Bernicle Goose Or Clakis
Bernicle Goose Or Clakis, The Vernacular Name For The Bernick Of Ray, Anser Bernicla Of Fleming ; The Bernicle, Barnacle Goose, And Barnacle Goose Of Authors. This Bird Affords An Instance Of The Credulity With Which Those Who In Their Generation Were Held Wise And Learned, Accepted The Most Absurd ...
Beroe
Be'roe, A Genus Of Marine Animals Established By Milner, Belonging To The Ciliorade Iicnbfphcr. Some Of The Species, As The Common B. Pikes, Are Now Referred To Cydippe. The Species, Which Are Gelatinous, Transparent, And Either Oval Or Globular, Float In The Ocean, Where They Are 'trickly Diffused. Lamarck Says ...
Bertholletia
Bertholle'tia, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Lecythidecem, And Named After Berthollet The Celebrated Chemist.. The Only Species Is A Tree Of Large Dimensions, And Forma Vast Forests On The Banks Of The Oronoco. Its Stem Averages 100 Feet In Height And Two Feet In Diameter, Not ...
Bertrand Du Guesclin
Guesclin, Bertrand Du, Was Born In 1314, At The Castle Of Motto Bren Near Rennes. He Was Of A Very Strong Make, But Exceedingly Plain; And Accordingly Be Used To Say, "i Am Very Ugly, And Shall Never Please The Ladies; But I Shall Make Myself Dreaded By The Enemies ...
Beryl
Beryl, A Mineral, Among The Varieties Of Which Are Found Two Of The Moist Beautiful And Costly Gems With Which We Are Acquainted, Namely, The Emends/ And The Precious Beryl. They Belong To The Rhombobedral System Of Crystallisation, Usually Occurring In Regular Hexagonal Prisms Which Occur Variously Modified, Sometimes By ...
Beta
Beta, A Genus Of Plants Belonging To The Natural Order Chenopo Diacece, Among Which It Is Known By Its Having Large Succulent Roots, And A Green Calyx United Halfway To A Hard Rugged Nut. The Species Are Found In Europe, The North Of Africa, And The Western Parts Of Asia; ...
Betula
Be'tula, A Genus Of Trees Or Shrubs, Belonging To The Natural Order Bet Ulacem It Is Characterised By Its Flowers Growing In Catkins, The Scales Of Which Are Thin And Three-lobed, And By The Scales Subtending Three Fiat Fruits, Each Furnished With Two Styles, And Expanded Into A Thin Wing ...