3. The third arrondissement takes its name from its chief town ORTEIEZ. Salies, 8 miles W. from Orthez, takes its name from its abundant salt-springs ; it stands on a small feeder of the Gave-d'Oloron, and has a considerable trade in salt and hams. The population of Salies is 7852.
4. In the fourth arrondissement the chief town is BAYONNE. La Bastide-de-Clairence, 14 miles E. from Bayonne, has 2097 inhabitants, who manufacture hosiery, caps, and leather. There are copper- and iron-mines near it. Eiduclte, 19 miles E. from Bayonne, on the Bidouze, which is here navigable, is a pretty town with 2869 inhabit ants. Hasparren, 11 miles S.E. from Bayonne, situated in a fertile and well cultivated country, has 5370 inhabitants in the commune, and a great number of tanneries for shoe and white leather, and a large trade in cattle. St. Jean-de-Luz, a small sea-port at the mouth and on the right bank of the Nivelle, over which a bridge leads to the suburb of Sibourre, has a population of 3208. The town is pretty well built, and is defended by two forts, near one of which there is a lighthouse. Ustaritz, 7 miles S. from Bayonne; is a collection of hamlets on the left bank of the Nive, and has a population of 2348. Before the revolution of 1789 it was the seat of a court of justice for the Basque territory of Labour. The administrative council of Labour called 'bilcar,' and consisting of the heads of families, met in a rocky wood near Ustaritz for the decision of questions affecting all the com munes of the territory. Except the president and secretary, who sat on stones by a large block which served for a table, the members of the bilcar stood leaning on their blackthorn sticks, or against the old oaks that grew in a circle round the place. The privilege of managing their own affairs was taken away from this people by the revolution of 1789.
5. The fifth arrondissement takes its name from Mauleon, a small town, with a college and 1167 inhabitants, situated on the Gave-de Oaison, which divides it into two parts—one built ou a hill surmounted by an ancient castle, and the other in a level plain. Manikin was the capital of the Basque district of Soule. The tribunal of first instance is at St.-Palais, a little walled town with 1619 inhabitants, situated in a fertile country, ou the left bank of the Bidouze. St.-Etienne-de Baigorry, situated in a valley of the same name, has a population of about 3300. The valley commences on the frontier of Spain, from which it extends about 11 miles in a northern direction, with a breadth of about 8 miles. It is traversed by a small stream, the Hourepeteca,
which falls into the Nive, a tributary of the Adour. There are rich copper- and iron-mines in the valley, and large copper- and irou-works for smelting and refining the ores. St.-Jean-Pied-de-Port, a small fortified town, with a population of 2332, is situated on the Nive, 18 miles W. by S. from Mauldon ; it takes the latter part of its name from its position at the foot of the pert or pass across the Pyrenees into Spain. The town is of some importance in a military point of view ; the citadel stands on a hill, and commands three passes by which France may here be entered from Spain. Not far from this town, is Roncevaux, or Roncesvallea, famous for the defeat of Charle magne in 778, and for the death of Roland : in the Augustinian abbey of Roncevaille, as the place is properly called, the monks display some memorials of the illustrious paladin, whose memory is still glorious in the neighbourhood.
The department forms the see of the Bishop of Bayonne ; it is included in the jurisdiction of the High Court of Pau, and within the limits of the University-Academy of Bordeaux ; and belongs to 1. Of the first arrondissement, and of the whole department, the capital is Pau. Lacer, 3 miles N.W. from Pau, is built on the slope of a bill on the right bank of the Gave-de-Pau, and has a population of 2096; before the revolution of 1789 it was the residence of a bishop, and had a college of Barnabites. The church of Lescar is reckoned among the historical monuments of France. Morlaas, once the capital of Warn, and the residence of its viscounts, is situated 5 miles N.E from Pau, and has 1836 inhabitants. For several centuries there was a mint in this town, at which the livres morlanes were coined. !lorse-racee were established here by Gaston 1V. Nay, situated on the Oave-de-Pau at the extremity of a fertile plain 10 miles S. by E. from Pau, is a well-built town with 3227 inhabitants, who manufacture woollen-cloths, drugget, blankets, calico, hosiery, caps, and leather. Pontac, 15 miles S.E. from Pau, on the Lousse, a feeder of the Gave-de-Pau, has a population of 2123.
2. In the second arrondissement the chief town Oldron, or Oloron, situated on the summit and slope of a bill at the confluence of the the 13th Military Division, of which Bayonne is head-quarters. It returns three members to the Legislative Chamber of the French empire.
(Dictionnoire de la France; Annuaire pour l'An 1953; Annuaire du Commerce; Official Papers.)