HOWARD, CHARLES, LORD HOWARD OF EFFINGHAM, second of that title, grandson of Thomas, second duke of Norfolk, was born in 1536. After seeing much service by land and sea, he was appointed in 1585 Lord High Admiral of England, and in that capacity had the chief management of the preparations made in defence of England against the Spanish Armada in 1588. He acquitted himself of this most weighty charge with signal•prudence as well as bravery. In 1596 ho was joined with Essex in the expedition against Cadiz, having command of the fleet, while Essex had command of the troops. A natural jealousy existed between the old soldier and the young favourite ; nor did they quite agree as to the measures to be pursued. However the town was taken, and the ships in the harbour destroyed. [Kassa, EARL oF.] For this service Lord Howard was created Earl of Nottingham, as declared in his patent, much to the annoyance of Essex, who would willingly have engrossed the glory himself, and sought to prejudice the queen against his late colleague. In 1599, in the anticipation of another Spanish invasion,- coupled with suspicion of the Earl of Essex's intentions in Ireland, the queen reposed in the Earl of Nottingham the sole command of the army and navy, with the title of Lieutenant-General of England, which ho held during six weeks-an extraordinary mark of confidence. He commanded the
troops which put down Essex's rash attempt at rebellion, and treated him in his downfall, as he had during his prosperity, with respect and kindness. Under the reign of James I. he retained his high considera tion at court, and was employed in several distinguished capacities. He died on December 14th, 1624, at the advanced age of eighty-seven, some years before which be had resigned the office of Lord High Admiral in behalf of the favourite Villiers, then earl of Buckingham, receiving in exchange a pension of 1000/. and the acquittal of s debt of 1800/. due to the crown. During half a century he possessed tho favour, and for great part of that time the highest confidence of his sovereigns, without earning or retaining it by unworthy compliances or selfish and interested intrigues. His temper appears to have been no less upright, honourable, and generous, than his services were distinguished.