In 1829 an elaborate project of a new municipal law was laid before the Chambers by the Martignao ministry. It was rejected, and the king was encouraged to try a ministry of decided royalists. This new ministry was appointed in August 1829, after the Chambers had been prorogued. It consisted of Prince Polignac, Messrs. Mootbel, Haussez, La Bourdonuaye, Guernon Rainville, and others. As soon as the new appointments were known the public Indignation broke forth, and a loud cry was set np by the newspapers that the king should dismiss the obnoxious ministers. Associations were formed with the object of refusing to pay the taxes. Prosecutions were instituted by the king's attorneys against the more violent journals, but in eoveml instances the courts acquitted the accused. Meantime the country was thriving, the new ministers were effecting retrenchments, and proposing a corresponding reduction of taxation.
On the 2nd of March 1830 Charles X. opened the Chambers. He spoke of his friendly relations with the foreign powers, of the final emancipation of Greece, of the intended expedition against Algiers, and he lastly expressed his firm resolve to transmit to his successors the unimpaired rights of the crown, which he said constituted the best safeguard of the public liberties secured by the Charter. In reply to this speech, the address voted in the Chamber of Deputies, by a majority of forty, told the king plainly that his ministers had not the confidence of the representatives of the nation. The deputies who voted this address were 221 In number. The king, on receiving the address, said that his heart was grieved to find that he had not the support of the Chambers, in order to fulfil all the good which he intended : his resolutions however were Immoveable. His ministers would let them know his intentions. The next day, the 19th of March, the Chamber was prorogued to the lot of September, and some time after a dissolution was proclaimed, and new elections were made. During the spring incendiary fires broke out in Normandy and other provinces, and the sufferers were mostly small farmers and cottages. Among thoso who were seized as guilty of incendiarism, the majority were women. Suspicions and mutual accusations were bandied about from one political party to tho other concerning these fires, but no clue was obtained as to the real instigators. The new elections Increased the opposition majority to nearly two-thirds of the number of deputies. Meantime news arrived of the conquest of Algiers, but the tidings were received surlily by the opposition. Every act of the ministry was reprobated. This state of things could not last. The king called together a council of ministers, in which it was resolved to give an extended interpretation to article 14 of the Charter, which gave the kiug the power "of providing by ordinances for the safety of th- state, and for the repression of any attempt against the dignity of the crown." On the 25th of July the king issued several ordinances countersigned by his ministers, The first ordinance suspended the liberty of the periodical press. No journal or periodical was to bo allowed to appear without the royal permission. No pamphlet of
less than twenty sheets was to be published without the permission of the secretary of state for the home department, or of the local prefect. Ordinance 2 dissolved the newly.elected House of Deputies, which had not yet assembled. Ordinance 3 altered the system of eleetiou, reduced the number of the deputies from 430 to 258, and placed the new elections under the direct influence of the prefects. All the ordinances showed but too plainly the spirit in which the king was 'immoveably' determined to reign; but the last ordinance was decidedly an infraction of the constitution or Charter, for the king had no right to alter the law of election. The sequel is well known. Most of the editors of newspapers signed an energetic protest against the ordinances, and continued to publish as before, and the tribunal of first instance, and the tribunal of commerce, authorised them to do so. Then came the protest of a number of deputies, denouncing the ordinances as illegal, and proclaiming popular insurrection as a duty. Several master manufacturers turned out their men and shut up their factories, and a mass of people took up arms. Meantime Charles remained quietly at St. Cloud, and merely sent Marshal 'garment to take the command of the garrison of the capital, which consisted of about 10,000 men, one-half of whom could not be depended upon. On the 27th of July the first encounter took place between the troops and the people. Next day an ordinance declared Paris to be in a state of siege, or, in other words, under martial law. The fighting in the streets became more general.. Many of the national guards joined the people, who hoisted the tricoloured flag, in opposition to the white flag of the Bourbons. The Hatel-de-Ville was taken and retaken. Ou the 29th the people attacked the Louvre and the Tuileries, the regi ments of the line abandoned their poet, and Marmont with toe guards evacuated Paris. On the 30th a number of deputies and peers pro claimed the Duc d'Orleans lieutenant-general of the kingdom, and Charles X. confirmed his nomination on the 1st of August. On the 2nd of August Charles X. abdicated the crown in favour of the Duo de Bordeaux, and set out for Cherbourg. The Chambers however would not recognise the claims of the Duo de Bordeaux, and elected the Duc d'Orldans. [Loom PHILIPPE.] From Cherbourg Charles sailed for England, and finally took up his residence at Holyrood House. He afterwards removed to Prague in Bohemia, where the Emperor of Austria gave him the use of the royal palace. In the autumn of 1836 he removed to Goritz in Styria, for the sake of a milder climate. He there rented the chateau or mansion of Grafen berg, but soon after his arrival he fell ill of the cholera, and died on the 8th of October, 1836. His body was embalmed and buried in the vaults of the Franciscan convent of Goritz. His son, the Duo d'Angoulame, who as well as his grandson, the Due de Bordeaux, had attended him in his last moments, did not assume the royal title, but went by the name of Couut de Marnes. The Duo d'Angoultime died at Goritz in June, 1843. [Boanzaus, Duo DE.]