Sub-Genus Troglodytes.
Dental formula the same as in the human subject ; namely, incisors, . 4 ; canines, 2 —; 'bicuspids, ; molars, 4 2 4 6 The teeth approximate in their proportionate size much more nearly than those of the orang to the human teeth ; but they manifest in their relative position the absence of the character which, with one anomalous exception—that of the fossil gentle Anoplotherium—is peculiar, among mammifers, to man; namely, unbroken proximity. :Slurzle long, truncated anteriorly ; strong eupmeiliary ridges, behind which the forehead recedes directly backwards; no cranial ridges. Facial angle 35', excluding the eupraciliary ridges. Auricles large. Thirteen pairs of rib.; bones of the sternum in a single row. Arms reaching below the kneejoint. Feet wide • hallux extending to the second joint of the adjoining too. Canines overpassing each other; the apices lodged in intervals of the- opposite teeth. Interrnaxillary bones anchylosed to the maxillaries during the first or deciduous dentition.
Troglodytes niger (Geoffrey), Simla Troglodytes (131umenbach) the Chimpanzee, Black Orang, or Pigmy. In the young state the animal has been named Jocke The following is the description by Dr. Traill of a young female, about 30 inches high, which was brought to Liverpool by Captain Payne:—" The skin appears of a yellowish-white colour, and is thinly covered with long black hair on the front; but It is considerably more hairy behind. The hair on the head is rather thin, and is thickest on the forehead, where it divides about an inch above the orbital process of the frontal bone, and running a little backwards falls down before the ears, forming whiskers ou the cheeks. Here the hair measures nearly two inches long ; but that on the occiput is not above an inch in length. There are a few stiff black hairs on the eyebrows, and a scanty eyelash. A few whitish hairs ere scattered on the lips, especially on the under one. The rest of the face is naked, and has whitish and wrinkled akin. There is scarcely any hair on the neck ; but, commencing at the nape, it becomes somewhat bushy on the back. The abdomen is nearly naked. The hair on the back of the head, and the whole trunk, front of the lower extremities, back of the lege, and upper part of the superior extremities is directed downwards, while that on the back of the thigh and fore-arms is pointed upwards—appearances well represented in Tyson's figure. The longest hair is just at the elbows. There is none on the fingers or palms of either extremity. The ears are remarkably prominent, thin, and naked, bearing a considerable resemblance in shape to the human, though broader at the top. The projection of the process
above the eyes is very conspicuous, but has not been sufficiently marked in any engraving or drawing which has fallen under my observation. The nose is quite flat, or rather appears only as a wrinkle of the skin with a alight depression along its centre. The nostrils are patulous and open upwards, which would be iucouveuient did the animal usually assume the erect posture. The projection of the jaws is excessive, and though much less so than in the baboon, yet the profile of the face is concave. It may be remarked however that the projection of the lower jaw is caricatured in the first and second figures of Camper's second plate. The mouth is wide, the lips rather thin, and destitute of that recurvation of the edges which adds so much to the expression of the human countenance. The spread of the shoulders is distinctly marked, but the width of the lower part of the chest is proportionally greater when compared to the upper than in man. From the lower ribs the diameter of the abdomen decreases rapidly to the loins, where the animal is pecu liarly slender—a circumstance in which it approaches the other Simiw. The pelvis appears lone and narrow, another approximation to the rest of the genus. With regard to the limbs, the chief difference between our specimen and Dr. Tyson's figure consists in the excessive length of the arms, which in this animal descend below the knees, by the whole length of the phalanges of the fingers, which are above three inches in length. The same observation applies to almost every figure of this animal which I have seen. The proportions in the work of Camper approach nearest, in the present instance, in this particular. The hand differs from the human in having the thumb by far the smallest of the fingers. The foot is more properly a band appended to a tarsus. The thumb of this extremity is very long, powerful, and capable of great extension. The legs are certainly furnished with calves ; but they scarcely resemble the human in form, because they are continued of equal thickness nearly to the heel. When this animal is erect the knees appear considerably bent, as is the case with the other Slink., and it stands with the limbs more apart than man." This description applies to the various specimene of this creature which have been exhibited in the Gardens of the Zoological Society in Regent's Park, London. At the present time (November 1853) a young male is in the collection. The last specimens were a male and female ; the latter died of consumption, and her disconsolate companion soon followed.