In the following enumeration of the species we take Do Candolle es our guide in the systematic distinctions of the species, and Humboldt and Peppig principally for the practical observations upon them. After every specific name we have added the synonymous names that occur in books, for the information of those of our readers who may possess Materia Medics works whose nomenclature is different from that of Do Candolle.
Corollas downy on the outside or silky.
I. C. Condamiaea. Leaves oblong, tapering to each end, smooth and shining, pitted on the under surface at the axils of the veins. Limb of the corolla woolly. Capsules ovate, twice as long as broad. This is the C. officinalis, Linn Humboldt states this to be the fine Uritucinga Bark originally seen by La Condamine. It is one of the sorts imported in quantity to Europe, and is said to furnish the pale bark of the English apothecaries. It is readily known, notwithstand ing the variable figure of its leaves, by their having at the nails of their veins on the under side little pits not bordered with hairs, and secreting a transparent bitter fluid matter. Grows wild near LOXR, in the mountains of Csjanuma, Uritucinga, Boqueron, Villonaco, and Monje. It also occurs near Guancabamba and Ayavaca in Peru. It is always found among micaceous schist, at elevations of from 5400 to 7200 feet; and, according to Humboldt, requires a milder climate than the C. lancifolia of Santa Fe. The temperature of the regions which it inhabits is about that of the Canary Islands. This is the C. lancifolia of the London Phamacopceia' of 1836, and is now recognised as yielding the pale bark (Cinchona pallida) of the London College of Physicians.
2. C. scrobiculata (C. micrantha, Fl. Peruv.,' Ruiz and Pavony. Leaves oval, acute at each end, smooth, shining on the upper side, pitted underneath at the axils of the veins. The tube of the corolla downy on the outside ; its limb woolly. Capsule ovate-oblong, three times as long as broad. This is distinguished from the last not only by the form of Its leaves, which never taper to the point, but also by the pits at the under aide of the leaves being bordered with inflected balm; in C. Condamine/I they are quite hairless. It is also allied to Gt. roma, but that species has a smooth corolla and glandless leaves. In the quality of its bark it is not distinguishable from C. Colder mince. Immense forests of this species exist in the province of S. Jaen de llracamorros. It ie the commonest of all the Quinas in that part of Peru, and the most esteemed; in commerce it has the name of Quinn Fine. Dr. Lindley says this species Is the origin of the Seloa, or Gray Cinchona of English commerce.
3. C. lancifolia (C. angtutifolia, Pavon; C. Tuni/e, Lopez). Leaves
obovate-lanceoLote, very smooth on each side, without glands; panicle large, brachiate; oorolla silky on the outside ; capsules oblong, emoothimh, five times as long as broad. Next to C. Condaminea this is accounted the most efficacious of all the species. It furnishes the orange-coloured bark, or the- Quina Naranjanda of Santa F4 de Bogota, and is obviously different from the two former spcoies in its leaves being destitute of glands. Humboldt states that it prefers an inclement climate, on mountainous declivities from 4000 to 9000 feet high, where the mean temperature is about that of Rome. In the alpine forests of the upper limits of the zone inhabited by this species the thermometer falls for hours as low as the freezing point. The plants are more rare than those of C. pubescent and C. magnifotia, always growing Kingly, and not increasing readily by the root. A kind of bark, bearing a high reputation at Cadiz, and called Calisaya, is referred to this species. It derives its name from the province where it grows, which is situated in the most southern part of Peru, in La Paz.
Another variety of this, according to Humboldt, a distinct species according to others, the Cinchona nit ida of the 'Flora Peruvians,' is found only upon the coldest parts of the mountains of Peru, where it becomes a tree with a stem scarcely eight feet high. Its flowers are bright red, covered inside with a white down, and do not appear till May. Its bark, the Cascarilla neje de Oliva, although of the finest quality, is never seen in commerce.
4. C. pubescent (a cordifolia ; C. orate, Ruiz and Pavon ; C. pallet cent, Ruiz; C. Ursula, Ruiz and Pavon). Leaves ovate, very seldom sub-cordate, leathery, downy or nearly smooth on the upper side, tomentose on the under side • panicle brachiate; corolla downy outside, the limb hairy inside; capsules ovate, oblong, ribbed externally, three times as long as broad. A most variable plant, yielding what is called Yellow Bark. It is found in the republic of New Granada, in 4° N. lat, at heights between 5400 and 8650 feet ; it has the name of Quina Amarilla 5. C. purpurea. Leavae broadly oval, somewhat wedge-shaped at tlie base, shortly cuspidate at the point, on the upper side smooth, on the under rather downy upon the principal veins ; panicle large, brachiate ; flowers somewhat corymbose ; corolla slightly downy externally, its limb hairy inside; capsules cylindrical, becoming ovate-oblong, with longitudinal ribs, four times as long as broad. A native of the Peruvian Andes, in the coldest and deepest parts of the forests, about Chinchao, Pati, and elsewhere. It is also apparently one of the wild roots of Santa F6 de Bogota.