EUOES1US II., is native of Rome, succeeded Paschal L lu 824, in the midst of great disorder which occurred at Rome owing to the corrupt state of society and mal•admioiatration of that city. To reform them, the emperor, Louis the Good, sent his son Lotharius to Rome. who corrected many abuses which, by the account of Eginhardt and other chroniclers, had grown to an enormous °strut. Ile confirmed I the right of electing the pope to the clergy and people of Rome, but under the condition that the pontiff elect should swear fidelity to the emperor before the imperial missus or representative. Eugenius held a council at Rome, in which, among. other things, it was decreed that iu every episcopal residence, as well as in every country parsonage, there should be a master for teaching the people and explaining the Scriptures. Eugenius died in 827, and was succeeded by Valeutinus, who, dying also after a few weeks, was succeeded by Gregory IV.
EttGENIUS III., a native of Pisa, of the Cistercian order, and a disciple of St. Bernard, succeeded in 1145 Lucius IL, who had died of a blow from a stone inflicted in a riot of the Roman people. Arnaldo
da Brescia was then preaching his reform at Rome, the senate had declared itself independent of the pope, and Eugenius was obliged to take up his residence at Viterbo. After some fighting and many negociations between the pope, assisted by the people of Tivoli, and the Romans, Eugenius repaired to France in 1147, and the following year held a council at Rheims. He afterwards returned to Italy in 1149, and with the assistance of Roger king of Sicily defeated the Romans, and entered the city. New disturbances however arose, which obliged him to take refuge in Campania, where he received of St. Bernard the book ' De Consideratione,' the subject of which was advice on his pontifical station and its duties. After having resided some time at Segni he made peace with the Romans, and returned to Rome in 1152. He died the following year, and was succeeded by Anastasius IV. It was under the pontificate of Eugenius Ill. that Gratiauns, a Benedictine monk at Bologna, compiled his code of canon law called • Decretnm Gratiani,' which greatly favoured the extension of the papal power.