Me therefore seems to be the fittest place in which to give a brief account of that particular and somewhat remarkable dramatic, species. From this piece itself and from all collateral evidence, it is to be inferred that the setyrie drama was never acted but as a kind of shorter sod lighter efter•piece, to relieve the minds of the audience, especially the ruder portion of them, after the grave impresaioo of the serious performances : for which purpose however it seems to have been very constantly employed, each tragic trilogy being almost invariably accompanied by one of these shorter and lighter pro ductions. Thns we find mention made of five satyric pieces of dEschylus, seven or eight of Sophocles, five of Euripides, besides a number of others by various minor authors. Notwithstanding its burlesque ingredients, the trapie character was so far preserved in the satyric play, that the subject appears to have been always historical, and the action partly serious, though with is fortunate catastrophe. No leas than tragedy and comedy, the satyric drama had its peculiar and appropriate stage decorations, representing woods, caves, moun tains, and other diversities of the sylvan landscape. Satyrs old and young, with Silenua in his various ages, were distinguished from one another by the variety of their grotesque masks, crowned with long shaggy goats' hair ; while the satyrs were negligently clad in skins of beasts, and the Sileni decorated with garlands of flowers skilfully woven. The satyr parts too appear to have been sometimes acted by pantomimic performers moving on a kind of stilts, to give more com pletely the appearance of goats' legs. Tho choral dance, it is hardly necessary to remark, was thoroughly rustic, peculiarly lively, and quite opposite io character to the solemn and impressive movements which accompanied the serious tragedy. The piece of Euripides has for its subject the adventure of Ulysses with Polyphemus, as related in the 'Odyssey,' with the addition of Silenns send his satyr baud; the characters are accurately discriminated and consistently maintained ; and the nature of the plot produces such natural contrasts and oven blendings of the ludicrous with the horrible, as above all things else, render this drama unique among the Grecian remains.
The editions of Euripides are numerous. The first edition, that of J. Laskaris, Florence, near the close of the 15th century, contains only the ' Medea," Hippolytus.; 'Alcestis,' and 'Andromache.' That of Aldus, Venice, 1503, contains seventeen plays, among which is the ' Cyclops.' Among subsequent editions are those by Canter, Antwerp, 1571; Barnes, Cambridge, 1694 ; Muegrave, Oxford, 1778 ; Beck, Leipzig, 1778.1788. The last complete editions are by Aug. Matthi.i, Leipzig, 1818.29, in 9 vole., a variorum edition in 9 vole., Glasgow, 1825, and that by F. H. Botha, Leipzig, 1825. The editions of separate plays are also numerous; among which that of the 'Hecuba,' ' Oreates,"Phcenissre,' and 'Medea,' by Person, is the best known. Euripides has been translated into German by F. IL Bothe, and into English by Potter. There are also translations in German of several of the separate plays.
EUSE'BlUS PA'MPITILI, Bishop of Cresaree, in Palestine, the friend of Constantine, and one of the most distiuguished among tho earlier Christian writers, was born in Palestine towards the end of the reign of Gallionue, about 264. He passed the earlier part of his life at Antioch, and acquired a great reputation for learning; it was said of him "that ho knew all that had been written before him." He became intimate with Pamphilua, bishop of Caesarea, who suffered martyrdom under Geledua in the year 309, and in memory of whose friendship he added to his name that of Pamphili. In 313 ho was himself raised to the eee of Casarea. which he filled until his death. Ile attended the great council of Nimes in 325, where he joined his brethren in con demning the tenets of Arius ; but he is said to have raised some objections to the word "consubstantial with the Father" as applied to the Son, in the Nieman creed. His intimacy with his namesake Eusetitus bishop of Nicomedia, who openly espoused the cause of Arius, led him also to favour the same, and to use his influence with the emperor for the purpose of reinstating Arius in his church, in defiance of the opposition of Athanattius. [Antes; Aensnsatuts] The
party to which ho attached himself were called Eusebians, from their loader, Eusebius of Nicomedia ; and they seem to have acted in great measure from hostility against Athanasius and his supporters, as they did not as yet openly advocate the objectionable tenet. of Arius, who had himself apparently submitted to the decrees of the council of Nicies. In 331 Eusebius attended a council at Antioch, consisting of prelates of this party, who deposed, on some insidious charge, the bishop Eustathina, a zealous supporter of the Nieman doctrine, and offered the see of Autioch to Eusebius of Caesarea, which he declined. At the council of Tyre, in 335, Eusebius joined in condemning and deposing Athanaslue on the charges of disobedience to tho emperor iu not reinstating Arius, want of respect to the council, and an alleged deecerstion of some sacred vessels. Eusebiue was deputed by the council to defend before Constantine the judgment which they had passed against Athanasine, and ho appears to have used his influence with the emperor to have Athanasius banished. The part which he took in this unfortunate coutroversy caused him to be stigmatieed as an Arian, though It appears that he fully admitted the divinity of Christ ; and all that his accusers can prove is, that in his earlier writings h• asserted his belief that there was a certain subordination among the persona of the Trinity. E:tscbi•ae of Comma died in 840.
Eusebius was possessed of most este:neve erudition, sacred as well as profane, and he was one of the warmest defenders and expounders of Christianity. His principal works are :-1. The ' Ecclesiastical History, in ten books, from the advent of our Saviour to the defeat of Licinius by Constantine in 324. Eusebius has been styled the father of eceleeiasticel history. He is silent on the subject of the Arian controversy, although it had begun at the time when he ends his narrative. Upon the whole, his history is written with considerable discrimination and impartiality. 2. ' Do Preeparatione Evangelice; iu fifteen books. In this work he examinee the various systems of theo sophy arid cosmogony of the ancient philosophers, the purest pert of which, he maintains, was borrowed from the Jewish sacred writings. Among the writers whom he quotes, and whose works are now lost, are the Phoenician Sanchouiatho and the Egyptian Manetho. From the aberrations of the heathens and the speculations of the philoso phers he draws arguments in favour of the truth of the Christian doctrines. This work of Eusebius was followed by another-3, 'De Demonstrations Evangelic:,' in twenty books, of which only ten have come down to us. It consists of further proofs of the truth of the Christian faith, chiefly directed against the Jews, being drawn from the books of the Old Testament. 4, ' The Chronicle or Universal History,' was only known by fragments until it wee discovered entire in an Armenian manuscript version, found at Constantinople, and published by Zobrab and Mai at Milan in 1818. The work is divided into two books: the first, entitled ' Chronography,' contains brief separate sketches of the history of the various nations and states of the old world, from the Creation till the year 325 of our era. The author gives extracts from Berosus, Alexander Polyhistor, Abydenus, Cophalion, Manetho, and other lost writers. Ths second book consists of synchronical tables, with the names of the contemporary rulers of the various nations and the principal occurrences in the history of each, from the age of Abraham till the time of Eumbiue. The author has made use of the works of Africanus, Josephus, cod others. The discovery of the Armenian copy of Eusebius has been a valuable acquisition, as it serves to correct several errors and to supply many deficiencies in chronology and ancient history. The other works of Eusebius are-5, 'Onomasticon Urbium et Locorum Sacra, Scripturre.' 6, • The Life of Constantine,' in four books, a piece of panegyrical biography. 7, 'A Life of his friend Pamphilue,' of which only a fragment remains; and other minor works.