EVA'GORAS, king of Salamis in the island of Cyprus, from B.O. 410 to 375. His family, the Teucridnet, had been deprived of the govern ment of Salamis by a Phronician, Al:Ay-mon, who, with the viow of securing himself against the Greeks, placed his usurped kingdom under the protection of Persia, and promised to reduce the whole island under the Persian dominion. During the reign of the usurper, Eva goras spent his boyhood at Salamis without being molested; but when the usurper had been murdered by one of the Cyprian nobles, Evagoras fled to Soli in Midst, for the murderer, in order to secure the throne to himself, was anxious to get rid of Evagoras also, who was then a very promising youth, and distingoished for his intellect as well as bodily strength. Evagoras now resolved to recover the kingdom of his anceators sod, accompanied by a band of fifty faithful friends, be made a descent upon Cyprus, defeated his enemies, and fully accom plished his object, B.c. 410. Isocrate., to whom we are chiefly indebted for our knowledge of the history of Evagoras, describes him as a man of great talent as en administrator : he restored the fortifications and the harbour of Salami., built ships, and endeavoured to establish commerce ; but his great ambition seems to have been to establish Greek manners and literature in his kingdom. Hence many a Greek exile, especially Atheniao, found a welcome reception there; and Conon, after the battle of sEgospotami, in B.C. 405, was most hospitably received by Evagoras. But he could not hope permanently to Improve the condition of his kingdom without previously securing himself against any sttacka of the Persians. Through the mediation of Ctesdae,thc physician of CnIdus, a treaty was concluded between king Artaxerxes II and Evagoras, in consequence of which Evagoran supported the Persians with money and ships in their war against Lacedmuson, and wax after wards honoured by the Athenian. with a statue and the Attie fran chive. The friendly relation with Persia however did not last long, foi Evagoras bad enlarged his kingdom, partly by persuading the towns o Cyprus, and partly by force. This was against the interests of Persia several towns solicited the protection of Artaxerxes, who was prevaile upon to declare war against his vassal. Ilecatomnus, a dynast of Caria received the command of the Persian fleet, and Autophradatos that o the army ; and according to some account* Artaxerxes himself wen' to Cyprus, B.C. 391. Evagoras was supported by the Athenians wit' ships, and other friends advanced him money. But his small fleet sea captured by the Spartan Teleutias, almost an soon as it had left thy harbour d Salamis. notwithstanding this misfortune the Persian made no programs srobably because Hccatomnus had already enterer into a secret understanding with Evagoras. In the meantime Eva gores concluded an alliance with king Aeon of Egypt, and in lac. 381 he melted from the Athenians a fleet under the command of Cho brigs. Thus strengthened, Evagoras in a short time made himself master of nearly all Cyprus, ravaged Phamicia, and induced Cilicia to revolt against Persia. Artaxerxes, who had reason to dread the fur ther progress of Evagoras, concluded a peace with the Spartan Antal cidas, a.c. 370, in which Cyprus was recognised as a province of the Persian empire. The Athenians accordingly recalled Chabrias and the
fleet they had sent to the assistance of Evagoras, who nevertheless refused to "submit to Persia, relying as be did on the aid of Acerb'. Artaxerxes made great preparations for war; on the other hand Eva. gores was not wanting either in courage or in the means of defending himself, and although the Persians landed an army in Cyprua, Eva gores contrived to cut off their supplies, which caused an insurrection in the Persian camp; and Evagoras, who had increased his fleet to 200 sail, ventured upon a sea-fight off Citium, but he was defeated, and lost many of his ships. Salamis was now blockaded by the Persians by lend and by sea, but availing himself of the jealousiea between the Persian commanders, and by entering on timely negociations with Orontes, one of them, separately, he succeeded in protracting the war, till at tho end of ten years, the war having lasted from B.C. 385 to 376, it was brought to a close very honourable to Evagoras. He did not lung survive the conclusion of the peace, for in 0.c. 374, being then at an advanced age, he was murdered by a eunuch whose wife had been seduced by a son of Evsgoras. He had been married to Leto, by whom be was the father of a large family. He was suc ceeded by his son Nicoeles. (Isocrates, Eragoras; lie. 39, 98, 110; xv. 2.9, 47; Photius, Ihbl. God., 176; Pausanias, I. 3, 2; Xenophon, Kellen., iv. 8, 24 ; Aristotle, Pout., v. 8; Lucian, l'ro Imag., 27.) From this Evagoras we must distinguish another, who WWI likewise king of Salamis, and, so far as chronology is concerned, may have been either a son or grandson of the first Evagoras. lie was deprived of his kingdom by ona Protagorlis, but recovered it in B e. 350, with the assistance of Persia. Soon after however, some calumnies against him having been brought before the Persian king, he was expelled a second time by Protagoraa. Evagoras indeed succeeded in justifying ; himself before the king, but instead of his principality ho received a satrapy as a compensation. In consequence of his bad administration he was obliged to escape; he fled to Cyprus, but was overtaken and put to depth. (Diodorus, vet 42, 46.) EVA'Olil US, born at Epipliania, in Syria, about the year 536, prac tised as an advocate at Antioch, where he acquired a brilliant repute tiou. He was afterwards appointed go:ester, and filled other public offices. He wrote an ecclesiastical history in six books, beginning with esp. 431, about the period where the histories of Socrates and Theo doretus terminate, and continuing to the year 593. Nothing is known of the personal history of Evagrius subsequent to the completion of his history about 594. Ilk work is spoken of favourably by Pontius. F.vagrius, though not always to be trusted implicitly, yet shows greater discrimination than Socrates; ho consulted the original documents, and appears to have been tolerably impartial. lie was well acquainted with profane as well as ecclesiastical history. His work was published by Robert Stephena, and afterwards by Valois, Paris, 1679, In an im proved edition founded upon two different manuscripts. It was published again with notes' at Cambridge, 1720.