Julian, having resolved on carrying on the war against the Persians, repaired to Antioch, where he resided for several months. His neg. lected attire, his uncombed beard, and the philosophical austerity of his habits, drew upon him the sarcasms of the population of Antioch. The emperor revenged himself by writing a satire agaiust them, called 'Idlsopogon; and, what was worse, by givieg them a rapacious governor. He set off on his expedition with a brilliant army, reckoned at 65,000 men, crossed the Euphrates, took several fortified towns of Mesopotamia, crossed the Tigris and took Ctesiphou, but hero his pro gress ended. The close Roman legions were harassed on all sides by the light cavalry of the Pentlaus, and reduced to great distress fur want of provisions. Still they presented a formidable front to the enemy, and Sailor, the Persian king, was inclined to come to terms, when in a skirmish between the advauced poste of both armies, Julian, who had run to head his suldiers, neglecting to put ou his cuirass, received a mortal wound from a javelin which pierced his side. Being carried to his tent ho expired the following night, 26th Juno 361 He died with calmness and composnre, enrrounded by his friend., con
vening on philosophical subjects, and expressing his satisfaction at his own past conduct since he had been at the lima of the empire. ilia remains were carried to Tarsus in Cilicia, according to his directions, and his successor Jovian erected n monument to his memory.
The works of Julian consist of orations, satires, 'The Caesars,' and about eighty letters, some of which are very interesting. Ilia letter to Themistius contains a treatise on the duties of sovereigns. His nar rative of his Gaulish and German campaigns is unfortunately lost. The last and best edition of Julian'e works is by Ezech. Spenheitu, Leipzig, 1696, fol.; but it does not contain all the letters. A complete edition of tho letters was published by L II. Ileyler, Mainz, 1328, Svo. There is a French translation of Julian's works by La Blettorie, and a Life of him by Tourlet; but the best life of Julino, and a very favourable one, is that by Gibbon in his 'Decline and Fall'