There is no translation of Herodotus which has yet done justice to the original, and no commentary has yet exhausted one-tenth of the matter which admits and requires illustration.
The first edition of Herodotus was the Latin translation of L. Valle, fol., Venice, 1474. The first Greek edition was printed by the elder Aldus, fol., Venice, 1502; reprinted by Hervagius, fol., Basel, 1541, 1557, under the superintendence of Camerarius. The edition of Hcrgaviva is very correct and useful. The most complete edition of Herodotus is by J. Schweighauser, 6 vole. 8vo, Strasbourg, 1816. Since that time Professor Gaisford has again collated the Sancroft manuscript (oue of the best manuscripts of Herodotus) for his edition of Herodotus (Oxford, 1824), but the result of the collation has added nothing of any value to the text of Schweighauser. The differences between the text of Schweighauser and Gaisford are shown in the reprint of Schweighiiuser, by Taylor and Walton, London, 1830 and 1838. An exceedingly valuable edition is that of the Rev. J. W. Blakeeley (2 vole. 8vo, 1854), forming vole. iii. and iv. of the Biblio theca Classica;' the text, which is mainly formed on that of Gaisford, being accompanied with an introduction and a large body of notes, embodying the results of the latest investigations, and well calculated to lead the student to a proper appreciation of the character and merits of Herodotus. The Lexicon to Herodotus, by Schweighauser, is a useful aid to students, though it is far from being complete. Rennell's Geography of Herodotus' is a valuable work, which will enable a atudent to appreciate the merits of the old traveller; and Niebuhr's 'Dissertation on the Geography of Herodotus;' Dahlmann's Essay above referred to ; • that of Heyae, ' De Vita et Itineribus Herod.,' Berlin, 1827; and Kenrick's 'Egypt of Herodotus, with notes and preliminary dissertations,' London, 1841, are worth the student's attention. The Apology of Herodotus,' by H. Stephens, prefixed to his corrected edition of Valla's translation (Frankfurt, 1595), is a clever and amusing vindication of Herodotus against the charge of falsehood, made on the ground that many of his stories 'were so singular and improbable. L Archer's French translation,
9 vols. 8vo, Paris, with the Commentary, is a useful book ; and Creuzer'e Commentationes Herodoteas' Leipzig, 1819, may he con sulted with profit. The German translation by Lange, 2 vols. 8vo, Breslau, 1824, has the merit of fidelity, and to a considerable degree is a successful attempt to convey a notion of the literary character of the original. The English translation by Beloe is in every respect bad ; a much better one is that by the Rev. H. Cary, in Bohu'a 'Classical Library.' A life of Homer, which bears the name of Herodotna, is subjoined to most editions of the text, but evidently comes from another hand. HEROTHILUS, a native of Chalcedon, was one of the most cele brated physicians of tho Alexandrian school, and lived in the reign of the first Ptolemy of Egypt. Of his works, which appear to have been very voluminous, nothing now remains except the extracts made from them by Galen and Ccelius in which they are so interwoven with those of his contemporary Erasistratue, that it is impossible to say what portion of the progress which medicine made in their time 'vas owing to the labours of each.
The chief feature which marks the time of Herophilue in the history of medicine is the commencement of the study of anatomy from diseections of the human body, for which purpose the bodies of all nialefactors were appropriated by the government. With such seal did Herophilus pursue this science, that he is raid to have dissected 700 subjects, and it was against him and Erasietratue that the very improbable charge was first made of having frequently opened living criminals that they might discover the secret springs of life. (Coleus, ' Priefat') From the peculiar advantages which the school of Alexan dria presented by this authorised dissection of the human body, it gained, and for many centuries preserved, the first reputation for medical education, so that Ammianus Marcellinus, who lived about 650 years after its establishment, says that it was sufficient to secure credit to any physician if he oould say that ho had studied at Alexandria.