EBELHEN, JACQUES-JOSEPH, French chemist, was born July 10, 1814, at Beaume-les-Dames, in France. Having passed successively through the colleges Henri IV. and Besancon, he in 1831 entered the Rea 1 o Polytechnique, and in 1833 passed from it to the des Mines Ilia ability and attainments early attracted notice; in 1840 he was appointed assistant, and in 1845 chief professor of analysis at the Ecole des Mines; in 1841 be was made one of the secretaries of the 'Annales des Mines,' and experimental chemist at the &ohs Polytechnique. A wider field was however opened before him by tho appointment in 1847 of director of the Manufacture-Royale of Sevres. To the duties of this office he applied all his energies. New and improved modes of operation, and the latest chemical discoveries, were employed with a view to economist, the coat and improve the quality of the manufacture, while the most able designers and painters were called in for the purpose of obtaining the best models and the richest ornamentation ; and under his direction the porcelain of Sevres acquired a repntation fully equal to that it had ever held, while the establishment was regarded as a model for the excellence of its arrangements. M. Ebelmen was a member of the commission sent by the French government to the Great Exhibition, London. In the beginning of March 1852 3i. Ebelmen was named engineer-in-chief of tho mines, but be survived the appointment only a few days, dying on tho 31st of March, 1852, in his thirty-eighth year.
Ebelmen was regarded with great hope for his combination of sound and minute scientific knowledge with practical administrative ability, and extensive powers of generalisation; and his early death was generally regretted. Ho contributed a great many papers to the ' Annalea des Mines,' the 'Annalee do Physique et de Cbtmie,' and the ' Bulletins de l'Acad6rnie des Sciences.' Among the more important
were some upon the composition of coal-gas, and its employment in motallio manufactures; and several upon the composition of rocks, the artificial reproduction of minerals, &c., of which we may mention ' Sur les Produite do le Decomposition des especes Min6rales de In famine des hilicates,' 1845 ; ' Sur tine nouvolle M6thode pour obtenir des Combinaisons Cristallis6es par la vole seem, et sur sea applications It pa r6production des especes Minemles, 1847; ' Sur la D6composition des Roches,' 1848, and particularly 'Sur les Alt&atione des Roches stratifi6es sous 'Influence des asents atrnoepheriques of dos eaux d'infiltmtion; 1851. The more important of his ' M6moires' have been collected and published under the care of M. Salvetat with the title of ' Recueil des Travaux Scientifiques do M. Ebelmen,' 2 vole. 8vo, Paris, 1855.
Chevreul, Notice sur M. admen ; Nom Biog. Genirale.) ECIIAItD, LAWRENCE. It is unknown when this author was born ; but his translation of the Amphitryo' of Plautus was pub lished in 1694. Ho was educated at Cambridge, and having taken orders, was presented to a living in Lincolnshire. In 1712 he became archdeacon of Stowe and prebendary of Lincoln. His historical works have long ceased to be read ; but his translation of Terence is still frequently purchased by indolent schoolboys, who could not well buy a more unprofitable or worthless book. The characters of the elegant and refined Terence are made to utter all the vulgarisms and scurri lities of the 18th century, yet Echard has written a self-complacent preface, wherein he says that be could not have followed his author more closely without destroying his design " of giving an easy comic style."