James's son-in-law, the Prince of Orange, had not been on unob servant spectator of what was passing in England, and to him the hopes of the English people were now very generally turned. The bead, of the several parties in the state, though probably with no great definiteness or complete union of views, joined in applying to him for his assistance to save the public liberties; and ho at last made sap his mind to comply with their solicitations. Having set sail with a fleet of about 50 men-of-war and 300 transports, on board of which was a land force of about 14,000 men, ho landed, on the 5th of November, at Wrexham, in Torbay, Devonshire. Before the end of that month James found himself nearly deserted by everybody ; all were gone over to the prince, the people, the gentry, the nobility, the army, his immediate servants and friends, even his children. In the sight of the 12th of December, having previously sent over the queen and the young prince to France, he embarked with a single attendant in boat at \VIlitehall Stairs, with the intention of proceeding to the same country, but was driven back by contrary winds, and forced the next day to land at Fevcraham, from which he returned on the 16th to White hall. The next day the Prince of Orange, having arrived with his army in London, desired James to leave the palace, on which be proceeded to Rochester, and on the 23rd embarked from that port on board a frigate, in which be was conveyed to A mbleteuee in Brittany. Hence he repaired to St. Germaine, where Louis XIV. received him with great kindness, gave him the castle of St. Oermains for his residence, and settled on him a revenue sufficient to support the expenses of his small court.
Meanwhile the English crown was settled upon the Prince and Princess of Orange as King William III. and Queen Mary. [Wmasst III.) In the beginning of March in the following year James,' having sailed from Brest, landed at Kinsale, and thence immediately marched to Dublin. with a small force with which he had been supplied by the French king. A few weeks after he laid siege, to Londonderry, which however he was not able to reduce, although his forces continued to encompass it for three months Moro it was relieved. He himself, returning to Dublin, held a parliament, and for some time continued to exercise the rights of sovereignty in that capital ; but after various military operations, the detail of which belongs prope,rly to the history of the next reign, his cause was finally ruined by the signal defeat which he received from King William in person at the battle of the Boyno, fought on the 1st of July 3690. He soon after returned to France, and continued to reside at St. Germaine till his death, September 6th 1701.
By his first wife, Anne Hyde, James IL had the following children : -1, Charles, duke of Cambridge, born at Worcester House in the Strand, October 22nd, 1660, died May 5th, 1661; 2, Mary, afterwards queen of England ; 3, James:, duke of Cambridge, born July 12th, 1663, died June 20th, 1667 ; 4, Charles, duke of Cambridge, born July 4th, 1664, died May 22nd, 1667 ; 5, Anne, afterwards queen of England ; 6, Edgar, duke of Cambridge, born September 14th, 1667, died June 8th,1671; 7, Henrietta, born January 13th, died November 15th, 1669; and, 8, Catherine, born February 9th, died December 5th, 1671. By
his second wife, Mary of Modena, who survived till the 8th of May 1718, he had-9, Charles, duke of Cambridge, born November 7th, died December 12th, 1677; 10, Catherine Laura, born January 10th, died October 4th, 1675; 11, Isabella, born August 2Sth, 3676, died March 2nd, 1681; 12, Charlotte Maria, born August 15th, died October 6th, 1632; 13, James Francis Edward, prince of \Vales, styled the Elder Pretender, born June 10th, 3688, died at Romo December 80th, 17 65 ; and, 14, Maria Louisa Terceia, born at St. Germaine, June 28th, 1692, died April 8th, 1712. He had also the following illegitimate issue :-1, By Arabella, sister of John Churchill, afterwards duke of Marlborough, Henrietta, born 1670, married Sir Henry Waldegrave, afterwards created Baron Waldegrave, died April 3rd, 1730; 2, by the same, James, surnamed Fitzjames, born in 1671, created Duke of Berwick in 1687, died June 12th, 1734 ; 3, by the same, Henry Fitz james, styled the Grand Prior, born 3673, died December 7th, 1702; 4, by the same, a daughter, who became a nun in France ; 5, by Catherine, daughter of Sir Charles Sedley, created in 1686 Countess of Dorchester for life, Catherine, born 1631, married 1699 to James Annesley, earl of Anglesey ; secondly, after having obtained a divorce from him, to John Sheffield, duke of Buckingham; died in 3735.
James II. employed part of the leisure of his retirement in writing an account of his own life, the original manuscript of which, extending to nine folio volumes, was preserved in the Scotch College at Paris till the revolution, when it was forwnrded to St. Omer for the purpose of being transmitted to England ; but was there destroyed, having, it is said, been committed to the flames by the wife of the person to whose charge it was consigned, in her fears for the safety of her husband if it should be found in his possession. A digest or compendium how ever of the matter of the royal autobiography had been long before drawn up by an unknown hand, apparently under the direction either of James or his son; and this performance (of which there was also at least one other complete copy in existence), having formed the prin cipal portion of the papers formerly belonging to the Stuart family which were obtained by George IV. when regent, has been printed under the title of 'The Life of James the Second, King of England, &c., collected out of Memoirs writ of his own hand. 'Together with the King'a Advice to his Son, and his Majesty's Will. Published from the Original Stuart Manuscripts in Carlton House, by the Rev. J. S.
Clarke, LLB., F.R.S., Historiographer to the King, 2 vole. 4to, London, 1816. We need hardly point attention to the light thrown on the character of James, and the events of the latter part of his reign, by Macaulay, in vol. L of his' History of England.'