GLAUBER, JOHN RUDOLF. This extraordinary man and labo rious chemist was born in Germany towards the close of the 16th century. ills works were published at Amsterdam, and in 1639 they were transisted into English by Mr. Christopher l'acke, in one large folio volume. Although an alchemist and a believer in the universal medicine, he endeavoured to improve chemical processes and the arts to which they are applied. One of his most important discoveries ie that of the salt which yet bears his name, and he greatly improved the processes for obtaining nitric and muriatic acids. In his works there is also a representation, though certainly a rough one, of the apparatus now known by the name of Woulfe's apparatns, lased, as is well known, for the condensation of gaseous products arising in distil lation. The production of vinegar of wood, afterwards called pyre ligneous acid, now so largely employed in the manufacture of acetic acid, and various acetates used in the arts; the distillation of am monia from bones, and its conversion into sal-ammoniac by the addition of muriatic acid; the preparation of sulphate of ammonia, and its conversion into muriate by the agency of common salt; the production of sulphate of copper by acting upon green rust of copper with sul phuric acid, are among the more important of his numerous discoveries. The directions which be has given for the preparation of what he called his sal mirabile,' Glauber'e salt, or sulphate of soda, are in general sufficiently correct, and its properties are stated with considerable minuteness and accuracy. lie died at Amsterdam in 1668.
Glauber did much in improving and inventing chemical apparatus, some of which are described and depicted in his work'. His works hardly repay a minute perusal, yet they contain much which excites admiration for a man who, in so early a period of chemical research, so greatly contributed to its advancement.
• GIsh:1(3, REV. GEORGE ROBERT, is n eon of the late Bishop Gleig of the Protestant Episcopal Church in Scotland, and was born in 1795. lie received his early education at Glasgow, and at 13alliol College, Oxford; but instead of proceeding with his university studies, Le joined a regiment on its way to Spain in 1813, as a volunteer. Obtaining a commission in the 85th Foot, he went through one or two campaigns in the Peninsula, which lie faithfully described in an amusing style in his navel called the 'Subaltern.' After the end of
the war In Spain, he served in America, and was present at the capture of Washington. Retiring from the army on half-pay, he resumed his studies where they had been broken off, took his degree at Oxford, and was ordained. In 1S22 the Archbishop of Canterbury (Manners Sotton) presented him with a small living in Kent, and about twenty yearn later he was appointed to the chaplaincy of Chelsea HospitaL In 1846 he was putted Chaplain•General to the Forces. In this) capacity his active mind soon found a field for exertion, and he drew out a scheme for the education of soldiers. This was eventually approved at Lead quarters, and he was appointed Inspector-General of Military Schools. Mr. Gleig has been a voluminous writer of novels and popular histories, or historiettes; of the former his Chelsea Pensioners," Couutry Curate,' the Hussar,' and the 'Subaltern' are most popular ; among the latter we may mention his 'Family History of England,' his 'Military History of Great Britain; 'Campaign of New Orleans,' and 'Story of the Battle of Waterloo,' reprinted in Murray's Home and Colonial Library ; and his ' Account of the Leipsic Campaign,' reprinted in Messrs. Longman's Traveller's Library; also his Lives of Lord Clive and Sir Thomas Muuro.
GLENDWIt, OWEN, was born in Merionethshire about 1349. He was maternally desceuded from Llewelyn, the last prince of Wales, whose grand-daughter Elena married Gryffydd Vychan, of which marriage Gleudwr was the offspring. He appears to have had a liberal education, was entered at the inns of court in London, and became a barrister. It is probable that he soon quitted the profession of the law, for we find that lie was appointed squire of the body to Richard Ii., whose fortunes ho followed to the last, and was taken with him in Flint Castle. When the king's household was finally dissolved, he retired to his patrimony in Wales. He was knighted in 1387, and was married early in life to Margaret, daughter of Sir David Haunter, of Ilanmer, in the county of Flint, one of the Justices of the King's Bench by the appointment of Richard II. By her he had several sous, and five daughters ; most of his sons fell in the field of battle to which they accompanied their father in 1400.