John
John, The Son Of A Respectable Citizen Of London, Was Born In 1677, At Marlborough, In Wiltshire. He Was Educated In London, Chiefly At N Dissenting Academy, Where Isaac) Watts Was One Of Hie Fellow-pupils. Ilia Natural Turn For Study Was Encouraged By The Delicacy Of His Health, Which Mado ...
John
John, King Of England, Surnamed Sansterre, Or Lackland, Common Appellation Of Younger Sons Whose Age Prevented Them From Holding Fiefs, Was The Youngest Of The Five Sons Of Henry Ii. By His Queen Eleanor Of Guienne, And Was Born In The King's Manor House At Oxford, 24th Of December 1166. ...
John Singleton Coiley
Coi'ley, John Singleton, Was Born At Boston, In The United States, July 3, 1737. His Father, Who Was Of Euglieh Extraction, Resided Is Ireland Until His Removal To America, Which Took Place So Immediately Before Hie Son Was Born That Ireland Us Claimed Him As A Native. He Was Educated ...
John Theopiiilus Desaguliers
Desaguliers, John Theopiiilus, D.d., Was Born At Rochelle On The 12th Of March 1683, And Brought,to England While An Iufant By His Father The Rev. John Desaguliers, A French Protestant Refugee, After The Revocation Of The Edict Of Nantes. His Early Educa Tion He Owed To The Instructions Of His ...
John Van Eyck
Eyck, John Van, The Younger Brother Of Hubert And The Improver And Supposed Inventor Of Oil-painting, Sometimee Called John Of Bruges From His Having Settled In That Place, Was Born At Manseyck As Is Generally Said, In 1370, And Studied With His Elder Brother Hubert. There Are However Some Reasons ...
John Wall Callcott
Callcott, John Wall, One Of The Brightest Ornaments Of The British School Of Music, Was Born In 1766, At Kensington, Where His Father Carried On The Business Of A Builder. At The Age Of Seven He Was Entered As Day-boarder In A Neighbouring School, Where Be Mado Such Progress That ...
John Xxii
John Xxii., James Of Cahors In France, Succeeded Clement V. In 1316, And, Like Him, Took Up His Residence At Avignon. He Was A Man Of Considerable Abilities, But He Has Been Taxed With Avarice And Worldliness. The Crown Of Germany Was Then Contested Between Louis Of Bavaria And Frederick ...
John Xxiii
John Xxiii., Cardinal Cossa, Succeeded Alexander V. In 1410. He Supported The Claims Of Louis Of Anjou Against Ladislaus, King Of Naples ; But Ladislaus, Huing Defeated His Rival In Battle, Advanced To Rome, And Obliged The Pope To Escape To Florence. John Preached A Crusade Against Ladislaus, Which Gave ...
Johnston George
Johnston; George, A Distinguished Naturalist. He Was Born In 179s, And Having Been Destined For The Medical Profession, He Was Apprenticed To The Celebrated Dr. Abercrombie Of Edinburgh. Having Gone Through Tho Usnal Medical Training, Ho Graduated In Edinburgh In 1819. Ile Subsequently Settled As A General Practitioner At Berwick ...
Joinery
Joinery, The Art Of Uniting Wood Of Small Dimensions, For The Purpose Of Forming Those Fixed Details Of House- Or Ship-building Which Are Not Connected With The Solid Framework Of The Structure : And It Is Usually Understood That The Term Joinery Is Applied To This Particular Branch Of The ...
Joint
Joint. In Constructive Operations The Word Joint Is Used To Express The Means Adopted To Ensure A Greater Length In Any Part Of The Work Than Can Be Obtained By The Use Of The Natural Materials, Or To Form Large Masses Of Work ; Or To Enable One Part Of ...
Joint Tenancy
Joint Tenancy Signifies Joint Ownership Of Two Or More Persons In Land, Or Other Property, As Goods And Chattels. It From Tenancy In Common Tenancy Di] And Coparcenership (psitcssress] In The Following Essentials : Joint Tenants Are Severally Seised Or Possessed Of The Undivided Whole Of The Land Or Other ...
Jonah
Jonah Was One Of The Twelve Minor Hebrew Prophote. He Le Mootioned In 2 Kings Xlv. 25, Where We Are Told That Jeroboam 11. "restored The Coast Of Israel From The Entering Of Ilatuath Unto The Sea Of The Plain, *wording To The Word Of The Lord God Of !met ...
Jonathan Edwards
Edwards, Jonathan, Was Born At East Windsor, In The Pro Vince Of Connecticut, On The 5th Of October 1703. He Was The Only Son, Among Eleven Children, Of Timothy Edwards, Who Was Minister Of Windsor, Or (as It Was Then) The Eastern Parish Of Windsor,during A Period Of Sixty-three Years, ...
Jose Antonio Conde
Conde, Jose Antonio, One Of The Few Spanish Orientalists Who Have Attained A European Reputation, Was Born At Paraleja, A Small Town Of The Province Of Cuenca, About 1765. He Was Educated At The University Of Alcali, Where Ho Studied Not Only Greek, Which In The Days Of Marti Was ...
Jose De Espronceda
Espronceda, Jose De, A Spanish Poet Of Great Popularity And Reputation, Was Born On The High Road Near Almendralejo Iu Estrema, Dura, During A March Of The Campaign Of 1810. His Father Was Colonel Of The Regiment Of Bourbon Which Distinguished Itself At The Battle Of Talavera, And At The ...
Josef Jungmann
Jungmann, Josef, An Eminent Bohemian Lexicographer And Bibliographer, Was Born At Hudlitz, Near Beraun, On The 16th Of July 1773. His Father Was A Peasant, Who Specially Occupied Himself With The Management Of Bees, And Jungmann, Who Early Showed A Literary Turn, Had Much To Struggle With In Devoting Himself ...
Joseihus
Jose'i'hus, Fla'vl Us, The Celebrated Jewish Historian, Was Born At Jerusalem A.d. 37. Ilia Family Was One Of Very Distinguished Rank : By His Mother's Aide He Was Descended From The Asmonaian Princes, And His Father Matthias Belonged To The Chief 'sacerdotal Family Of The First Of The Twenty-four Courses. ...
Joseph Amable Humbert
Humbert, Joseph Amable, A French General, Was Born At Rouvray, Near Remiremont, November 25, 1767. Deprived Of Both His Parents In Childhood, He Was Indebted For His Imperfect Education To An Aunt, From Whose House Lie Ran Away At Sixteen. From This Time Be Led A Vagrant Life For Nearly ...
Joseph Anton Koch
Koch, Joseph Anton, A Celebrated German Landscape-painter, Was Born Of Poor Parents At Obergiebln Am Bach, In The Valley Of The Lech, In The South Of Germany, In 1768. Some Of His Early Attempts Attracted The Notice Of Bishop Umgelder, Vicar-general Of Augsburg, Who Placed Koch With A Painter In ...
Joseph Clavijo Y Faxardo
Clavijo Y Faxardo, Joseph, A Spanish Writer, Whose Name Is Dow Better Known In France And Germany Than In Spain From A Train Of Circumstances Which Have Secured Him An Unenviable Immortality. Lie Was Born At Lanzarote, One Of The Canary Islands, On The 39th Of March 3726, And Was ...
Joseph Dalton Hooker
"hooker, Joseph Dalton, M.d., The Only Surviving Eon Of Sir William Jackson Hooker, Ie, Like His Father, Distinguished As A Botanist. Educated For The Medical Profession, And Holding The Degree Of Doctor Of Medicine, Dr. Hooker Has Forsaken The .practice Of His Profession For The More Fascinating Pursuit In Which ...
Joseph De Guionfs
Guionfs, Joseph De, Was Born In 1721 At Pontoise, And Studied The Oriental Languakea Under Stephen Fourmont. In 1745 Ho Was Nominated Oriental Interpreter To The Royal Library In The Place Of Founnont, And In 1752 Was Chosen • Member Of The Acaddmie. Del Lettree. The French Revolution Reduced Him ...
Joseph Dobrowsky
Dobrowsky, Joseph, Known As The Patriarch Of Modern Bohemian Literature, Was The Son Of A Bohemian Sergeant In An Austrian Regiment Of Dragoons, And Was Born On The 17th Of August 1753 At Gyarmat Near Raab In Hungary, Where The Regiment Was In Quarters. His Father's Name Was Daubrawsky, But ...
Joseph Fouchi
Fouchi%, Joseph, Duke Of Otranto, Was Born In 1763 At Notes, And Educated In The College Of The Peres De L'oratoire. Beiug Unable On Account Of His Delicate Constitution To Follow The Profession Of His Father, Who Was Captain Of A Vessel, He Applied Himself To Study, And After Having ...
Joseph Fourier
Fourier, Joseph, Was Born At Auxerre In 1768. He Was The Son Of A Tailor In That Town, Nod There Received His Education At A School Directed By The Benedictines. Into This Order He Was About To Enter, And Had Passed A Part Of His Noviciate, When The Revolution Com ...
Joseph Fraunhofer
Fraunhofer, Joseph, A Distinguished Optician Of Bavaria, Was Born At Straubiog In That Kingdom, In 1787, Of Parents Iu Humble Life ; And By Their Death He Was Left An Orphan When Eleven Years Of Age. He Had Been Accustomed To Labour From His Childhood, And He Was Early Engaged ...
Joseph Glanv Ill
Glanv Ill, Joseph, Was Born At Plymouth In 1636. He Was Duetted At Exeter College, Oxford, And Graduated B.a. In October, 655. The Following Year He Removed To Lincoln College, Took His Degree In June, 1658 ; Assumed —without Ordination It Is Said—the Niestly Office, And Became Chaplain To Rouse, ...
Joseph Hall
Hall, Joseph, An Eminent Divine And Prolate, Was Born July 1st, 1574, At Ashby-de-la-zouch, In Leicestershire, And Received His Academical Education At Emmanuel College, Cambridge, Of Which In Due Time He Was Elected Fellow. Having Taken Orders And Received Some Minor Benefices In Succession, He Was Made Dean Of Worcester ...
Joseph Haydn
Haydn, Joseph, The Father Of Modern Orchestral Music, The Most Original And Imaginative Of Composers, Was Born At Rohrau, About 15 Leagues From Vienna, On The 31st Of March 1732. His Parents Were Humble; His Father Was A Small Wheelwright, And His Mother, Previous To Her Marriage, Was Cook To ...
Joseph Hilary Eckhel
Eckhel, Joseph Hilary, An Eminent Antiquary And Numis Matist, Was Born At Entzerafeld, In Austria, January 13, 1737. His Father, Who Was In The Service Of Count Zinzendorf, Sent Him At A Very Early Age To The Jesuits' College At Vienna, Where, In ]751, He Was Enrolled In Their Society. ...
Joseph Hume
Hume, Joseph, Was Born At Montrose In The Year 1777. His Father Was The Master Of A Small Coasting-vessel, And After His Death His Widow Supported Herself By Keeping A Shop In Montrose. Having Received The Merest Rudiments Of Education, Including Latin And A Smattering Of Accounts, At A School ...
Joseph Ii
Joseph Ii., Eldest Son Of Maria Theresa And Of Francis Of Lorraine, Was Elected King Of The Romans In 1764, And In The Following Year, Ou The Death Of His Father, He Became Emperor. As Long As His Mother Lived He Had Little Real Power, As Maria Theresa Retained The ...
Joseph Jerome Le Fran9ais De
Lalande, Joseph-jerome Le Fran9ais De, Was Born At Bourg, In The Department Of Ain, On The Ilth Of July 1732. His Parents Were Pierre He Francais And Marie Monchinet, Of Whom He Was The Only Eon. By Their Inordinate Indulgence And Extreme Solici Tude In Anticipating All His Wishes, He ...
Joseph John Gurney
Gurney, Joseph John, Was Born August 2, 1788, At Earlham Hall, Near Norwich, The Country Residence Of His Father, John Gurney, Who Was A Member Of The Society Of Friends, And One Of The Part Ners Of The Norwich Bank. He Was The Tenth Child Of Eleven Children Left By ...
Joseph Lancaster
Lancaster, Joseph, Was Born In 1771: His Father Had Been A Soldier In The Foot-guards. Moved By A Benevolent Feeling Towards The Neglected Children That Surrounded His Father's Residence In The Borough-road, Southwark, Joseph Lancaster Opened A School For Their Benefit, And Obtaining A Room Without Cost From His Father, ...
Joseph Marie Jacquard
Jacquard, Joseph-marie, Was Born At Lyon, On The 7th Of July 1752, Of Humble Parents, Both Of Whom Were Employed In Ope Rations Connected With Weaving. He Is Said To Have Been Left To Teach Himself Even To Read And Write ; But At A Very Early Age He Displayed ...
Joseph Michel Dutens
Dutens, Joseph-michel, The Son Of Michel-francois, Was Born At Tours On October 15, 1765. He Was Entered When Eighteen At The Keole Des Pont* At Chaussdes, And At Twenty-two Years Of Ago He Left It With The Brevet Of Engineer. In 1800 Be Printed His First Work At Evreux, 'des ...
Joshua
Joshua (in The Septuagint Joeephue, Acts Vii. 45, And Hebr. Iv. 8, He Is Called The Son Of Nun, Who Succeeded Moses In The Command Of The Israelites. Joshua, Whose Original Name Was Hoehea (pm, Numb. Xiii. 8, 16), Accompanied His Countrymen From Egypt, And Diatinguished Himself By His Courage ...
Joshua Gee
Gee, Joshua, Was An Eminent London Merchant Of The Earlier Part Of The 18th Century, But We Have Not Been Able To Discover Any Particulars Of His Personal History. He Was One Of The Authors Of The Work Called 'the British Merchant,' Originally Published In Ntunbers Twice A Week In ...
Josiah
Josiah, King Of Judah, Was The Son Of Anion, And Succeeded His Father In Mc. 639, When Only Eight Years Old. After A Minority Of Eight Years, During Which He Was Educated, And The Affairs Of The State Were Administered, By The High-priest, He Began To Purge The Land Of ...
Josiah Conder
Conder, Josiah, Was Born In London On The 17th Of September, 1789. He Was The Son Of A Bookseller, And Very Early Displayed A Taste For Literature. His First Attempts Were Given To The World In The 'athenaeum; A Monthly Magazine Then Edited By Dr. Aikin ; And In 1810, ...
Josqu1n
Josqu1n, Deprez—tho Name Which It Appears To Us, After Having Collated Various Authorities, Is The True One Of This Celebrated Composer Of The Most Ancient School Of Part-music—was, There Seems Little Reason To Doubt, A Native Of The Low Countries, Though The Honour Of His Birth Is Indirectly Claimed By ...
Jozsef Eotvos
"eotvos, Jozsef, One Of The Most Conspicuous Names Of Modern Hungary, Both In The Literary And The Political World. His Grand Father Was A Government Officer Of High Rank In Hungary; His Father, Who Also Held High Posts In The Government, Married A German Lady, The Baroness Lilien. Efitviis Was ...
Juan Augustin Cean I3ermudfz
Cean-i3ermudf.z, Juan Augustin, One Of The Few Writers On Art Which Spain Has Produced, Was Born At Gijon In The Asturias, In 1749, And Was The Eon Of Poor Parents. He Was Educated In The Jesuits' College At Oviedo, Where It Was His Good Fortune To Find Not Only A ...
Juba I
Juba I., Son Of Hiempsal, King Of Numidia, Succeeded His Father About The Year N.e. 50. Ho Was A Warm Supporter Of The Senatorial Party And Pompey, Moved, It Is Said, By A Gross Insult Which In His Youth He Had Received From Caesar. He Gained, N.e. 49, A Great ...
Judas
Judas Maccab/eus Succeeded His Father Mattathias Om 166 As The Leader Of The Jews In Their Patriotic Attempts To Throw Off Thi Yoke Of The Syrian Kings (1 Mace. Iii. 1.) He Greatly Distioguishec Himself In The War By His Military Talents, His Personal Courage, An His Implacable Hostility To ...
Judge
Judge (from The French Judge, Which 1.3 From The Latin Jades), Is A Man Who Presides In A Court Duly Constituted, Declares The Law In All Matters That Are Tried Before Him, And Pronounces Tire Sentence Or Judgment Of The Law. There Are Judges Of The Three Superior Courts Of ...
Judgment
Judgment Is The Sentence Of The Law Pronounced By The Court Upon The Matter In The Record, And The Remedy Prescribed By Law For The Redress Or Punishment Of Injuries; The Suit Or Prosecution Being The Vehicle By Which Tho Injury Is Brought Before The Court. Judg Ments Aro Given ...
Judicial Separation
Separation, Judicial. Until The Statute 20 & 21 Vict. C. 85, Divorces A Which Put An End To The Marriage Altogether, Wero Only Obtainable By A Special Act Of Parliament, Which The Legislaturo Would Net Pass In Favour Of A Husband Until After A Sentence Of Separa Tion A Tnensd ...
Judicium Judex
Judex, Judi'cium. It Is Of Some Importance To Form A Correct Notion Of The Terms Puke And 'maidens In The Roman Writers. The Jedicia Were Of Two Kinds, Private And Patlice ; The Former, Having Relation To Drama, May Is Generally Described As Civil Actions ; Tho Latter Were Of ...
Judith
Judith, An Apocryphal Book Of The Old Testament, Contains An Account Of The Invasion Of Syria And Judea By Holofernes, General Of Nabuchodonosor, King Of The Assyrians, And Particularly Of The Siege Of Bethulia, A Town In Judo= ; And Of The Destruction Of The Assyrian Army, And Of The ...
Juiin Dennis
Dennis, Juiin, Was The Son Of A Saddler Of London, Where Be Was Born In 1657. Having Been Put To School At Harrow, Lie Was Sent Thence In 1675 To Cahn College, Cambridge. In 1679 Ho Removed To Trinity 11111, In The Same University, And In 1633 Took His Degree ...
Jules Gabriel Jan1n
* Jan1n, Jules-gabriel, A Popular French Critic, Was Born At Sl-etienne, In The Department Of La Loire, On The 11th Of December 1804. He Received His Earliest Instruction From His Father; He Then Spent Two Years At School At Lyon, After Which He Ws.s Sent To Complete His Education At ...
Jules Sebastien Cesar Dumont Durville
Dumont D'urville, Jules-sebastien-cesar, A French Navigator And Naturalist, Was Born May 23, 1790. He Is Known In The Scientific World As Having Made Several Valuable Contributions To The Science Of Botany. One Of His Earliest Contributions To Botany Was A Memoir On The Plants Which Be Had Himself Collected In ...
Julian Period
Julian Period Is A Term Of Years Often Employed In Chronology, N Order To Avoid The Ambiguity Attendant On Reckoning Any Time Antr A-dent To Our Sera. The Julian Period Consists Of 7930 Years, And Ie Vekoned Se Having Begun 4713 Years Before Our ;era; So That The ,resent Year ...
Julien David Leroi
Leroi, Julien Da.vid, Horn In 1724, Was The Son Of An Eminent Watchmaker At Paris. Having Made Choice Of Architecture As A Pro 'mien, He Applied Himself To The Study Of It In A Very Different Manner 'rem The Plodding Routine Then Established; And Being Anxious To 3ecome Acquainted With ...
Julius Charles Hare
Hare, Julius Charles, A Distinguished English Divine And Controversialist, Was Born In 1796, And Was One Of The Sons Of The Rev. Robert Hare, Rector Of Hurstmonceaux And Vicar Of Ninfield In Sussex, Who Was The Sou Of Dr. Francis Hare, Bishop Of Chichester. He Was Educated At Trinity College, ...
Julius Heinrich Von Klaproth
Klaproth, Julius Heinrich Von, One Of The Most Eminent Oriental Scholars Of Modern Times, Was Born At Berlin, On The 11th Of October 1783, He Was The Son Of The Celebrated Chemist Klaproth [klaprotii, Martin 11.], Who Wished To Bring Him Up To His Own Profession, But The Boy Was ...
Juniperus Communis
Juniperus Communis, Medical Properties Of. The Wood Of The Root And Stem, The Twigs Or Tops, With The Leaves Attached, And The Fruits (golhodi, Incorrectly Termed Berries), Of The Common Juniper, All Possess A Peculiar Aromatic Flavour And Odour, Due To Two Peculiar Oils, Differing In Their Degree Of Volatility, ...
Jupiter
Jupiter, The Name Of One Of The Old Planets, The Laczest Of All The Bodies, Except The Sun, In The Solar System. The Astronomical History Of This Planet (or Of Any Other, Except The Newly-discovered Small Planets) Is So Completely Entangled In That Of The Progress Of Astro Nomy In ...
Jurgen Jorgenson
Jorgenson, Jurgen, Tbo Form Of Name Adopted In His English Writings By Joroen Johoeysen, Or J Vrgensen, A Dane, Who Assumed And Exercised For A Time The Dignity Of Protector Of Iceland. Jor Genson, Who Was Born At Copenhagen In 1779, Belonged To N Family Of Learned Watch.makcre. His Father, ...
Jurisdiction
Jurisdiction. This Term Is The Latin Wont Which Simply Signifying The "declaration Of Jus Or Law," Was Used By The Eitaied Writers To Express The "administration Of Justice" (cie • Vase 2 Ep. 13 Ad Fin.) As Well As " Legal Authority." (cie' Agrar.' 2, C. 36; Swims, Calig. C. ...
Jurisprudence
Jurisprudence. The Latin Word Predeutia (contracted From Peoridatio) Came, By A Natural Transition, To Mean Knowledge Or Under Standiey. " Habebet " (says Nepal, ' Life Of Chnou; C. 2) " Magnain Prudentiant Tum Jurie Chili.* Tom Red Militarist" Hence Persons Skilled In The Roman Law Were Called J Atria ...
Jury Of Matrons
Matrons, Jury Of. When A Widow Alleges Herself To Be With Child By Her Late Husband, And It Is Suspected That She Is Not Pregnant, Or Not So By The Husband, A Writ Do Ventre Inspiciendo May Be Obtained Out Of Chancery, On Behalf Of The Next Heir, Whose Rights ...
Jus Latii Lat In
Lat I'n U Jus, Jus La'tii, Lat1'nitas, Sometimes Also Called Simply Latium, Was One Of The Various Civil Conditions Under Which The Inhabitants Of The Roman World Were Classed And Comprised. The Primary Distinction Of Persons Was That Of Freemen And Slaves. Free , Men Were Divided, According To The ...
Justic1ar Of Scotland
Justic1ar Of Scotland. The Earliest Individual In This High Office Which Extant Records Name Seems To Be Geoffrey Tic Male Ville, Of 3ialeville, In The County Of Edinburgh, Temp. Malcolm Iv. The Term " Scotland " Was Then Less Extensive In Its Application Than At Present ; It Designated, Properly ...
Justice Clerk Of Scotland
Justice Clerk Of Scotland, Is Now The Second President Of The Court Of Justiciary In Scotland, Being Originally The Clerk Of Court Of The Chief Justice, Or Lord Justice General Of Scotland. At The Institution Of The Court Of Session In 1532, The Justice Clerk Was Made One Of The ...
Justices Of The Peace
Justices Of The Peace Are Persons Appointed To Keep The Peace Within Certain Prescribed Limits, With Authority To Act Judicially In Criminal Causes, And In Some Of A Civil Nature Arising Within Those Limits, And Also To Do Certain Other Things In Which They Act Not Judi Cially But Ministerially, ...