LACIIMANN, KARL, professor in the University of Berlin, and member of the Academy of Sciences, occupied a high rank among the critics and philologists of Germany. He was born at Brunswick, on the 4th of March 1793. In that town he received his early education, and under his teacher Konrad Ileusieger was fiat awakened his love for Iiteratnre. For one session, in 1809, he attended the lectures of Hermann in the University of Leipzig, and next pursued his studies in that of Gottingen, in conjunction with Diemen, Schulze, and Buusen, he founded a philological society in 1811. While at Giittin gen, Benecke lectured upon the old German literature, which probably directed Lachmann's attention more particularly towards it, and at a later period led to much valuable criticism upon and editions of many, of the early German writers. During the short war occasioned by Bonaparte's return from Elba to France, in 1815, Leehmann served as a volunteer in the Prussian aervice, in which he continued till the end of that year. In 1816 his edition of Properties, which he had pre pared at Gottingen, was published at Leipzig; and at Easter of that year he read Lie probational essay before the University of Berlin, ' Caber die Gestalt des Gedichts von der Niebelungen Noth' ('On the Original Form of the Poem on the Niebelungen Calamities'). After this be was appointed, in rapid succession, teacher at the Gymnasium and professor at the University of Konigsberg, and professor of the University of Berlin, the last promotion being attained in 1827. Highly esteemed as an academie teacher, and sedulous in the discharge of his duties, he nevertheless actively continued his literary labours. Many of three were critical or philological essays contributed to periodical works. Of his distinct works, the more important have been his essays on the Niebelungen Lied and on Homer Betraebtungen fiber die Dias'), which are both masterly specimens of criticism. His lest was the substance of two lectures delivered before the Berlin Academy in 1838 and 1841. In 1834 and 1842 be
published two editions of the New Testament, the last with the Vulgate translation, in which he endeavoured to restore the text to that of the 3rd and 4th centuries. In the classical department he published : 'De cboricia aystematis tragieorum Grzeci, Berlin, 1819; and 'De mamma tragmdiorum ' Berlin, 1822; with carefully prepared editions of Cateilue, Tibullus, Terence, Babrius, and Aviauus, at intervale from 1829 to 1845; one of Caius, so important to the students of the Roman jurisprudence, in 1841; and essays upon Dositheus and Ulpian in the ninth volume of Savigny'e ' Zeitschrift.' Most of these works have gone through more than one edition. His attention however was never diverted from the early literature of the north of Europe. In 1816 be translated the first volume of P. E. Muller's 'Sagabibliothek ;' In 1820 a selection from the High German poets of the 13th century ; in 1826 an edition of the 'Niebelungen Lied ;' in 1827 an edition of the poems of Walther von der Vogelweide ; in the same year, in conjunction with Beneeke, an edition of Haltinann's ' lwein ;' in 1833, an edition of the poems of Wolfram von Eschenbach ; in 1838, Hartmann's 'Gregor,' and the poems of Ulrich von Lichtenstein in 1811. These were all prepared with great care, and accompanied with valuable remarks. He also contributed numerous papers to the iltheinisehen Museum,' and read others beforo the Berlin Academy. The most noticeable are 'Utber althociadenteche Betonung and Verkunst' (' On the Early High German Accentuation and Versification'), licher Bingen nod and Ueber das Hildebrandslied.' He also published an excellent critical edition of Lessing's collected works, in 13 vols., Berlin, 1833.40; and an edition of Klenze's 'Philological Essays.' Lachmanu is likewise the author of a translation of Shakapere's sonnets, published in 1820; and of 'Macbeth,' published in 1839. He (lied in March 1851.