Edecation.—Saxony holds a very high rank with regard to the number and the excellence of its institutions for education. The lower classes are generally able to road and write. The number of printing-offices and booksellers greatly exceeds that in any other country of equal extent. Iu addition to the particulars on this score given under DRESDEN and Leirzro, we here meution the chief educational institutions of the kingdom :—Uuiversity of Leipzig, 1; high schools at Grimma and Meissen, 2; gymnasia, 11 ; seminaries for schoolumeters, 4; mining academy, 1; institution for teaching the management of forests, 1 ; military schools, 2; deaf and dumb school, 1; agricultural school, 1; Academy of Arts at Dresden, 1; besides free schools for the poor in all the principal towns.
Revenue.—The revenue arising from the public estates, the regalia, and direct and indirect taxes for each of the three years of the financial period, 1852-1854, was estimated at 8,281,728 tinders, and tho expendi ture at the same amount. The public debt at the end of 1S53 amounted to 42,781,523 thalere. The military establishment numbers about 26,500 men and officers, the greater part generally absent on furlough, except at the time of the annual exercises.
The constitution is a monarchy, with a representation divided into two chambers, without the consent of which no law can pass. Tho
executive power is in the king and a responsible ministry. Some attempts were made to compel the king in 1819 to receive the con stitution drawn up by the Frankfurt assembly. This the king refused, and the republicans of Dresden broke out into insurrection (May 3), which was crushed with the assistance of Prussia. [DRESDEN.] The crown is hereditary in the male line of the Albertine house of Saxony. Saxony is a member of the German Confederation, and as such furnishes a contingent of 12,000 men and a contribution of between 4000 and 5000 florins. It has the fourth place in the German Diet, between Bavaria and Hanover, and has four votes iu the full council.
Divisions of the Kingdom.—The kingdom is divided into four provinces or circles, the area and population of which are as follows :— No country in Europe is more densely populated. On an average there are 3451 inhabitants to an English square mile, and in some parts of the country there are nearly 500 to the square mile. The principal towna are described under DRESDEN, 'memo, Lansuz, CHEMNITZ, FREIBERO, PLAUEN, ZITTAU, BAUTZEN, MEISSEN, SCHNEE BERO, ANNABERO, PIRNA,