KINO, an astringent substance, the concrete juice of one or more plants. Most skilful pharmacologists are agreed in referring the East India kino, called also Amboyna kino, to the Pteroearpus marsupium (lloxb. Coromand. Plants,' it, t. 116; hi. Indica, iii., p. 234), of which Pteroearpus bilobus is perhaps a mere variety, though a smaller tree. The first is a native of the Circar Mountains, and forests of the Malabar coast No kino is imported at the present day from Africa, though the juice of Pterocarpus erenaccus is collected by the Senc gambians for their own use in medicine and the arts. It is quite a mis nomer to term the inspissated juice of the Nauelea (Uncaria) gambler, or gambear, African kino, as this shrub grows in the Indian Archipelago.
In Anders& a sort of kino 6 procured fmm the listrolrrtos resisefren tiCluts4. *Ida finds Its way to the nut India*, where it is used as a rotten der, as indeed the other kinda are alea, giving to cotton the yaloisisielrown colour known as nankeen; the colour varies with the illehnent 0041A of Aldo wed.
In the West Indies the juice of the Onvel.bd aoriferes Is called American Eno, Or American extract of rhet*ny, or false rh*tany extract Then diffsresit retracts differ in their chemical habitudes *Rh reekeente, but they all 11,700 in preening a atong astringent pow-r. lame most commonly occurs is grains of a shining aspect and rich ruby-red colour ; they are easily reduced to powder. It is nearly entirely soluble In water and in alcohol. \'auquclin analysed that sort which is termed Africiun and found It to consist of 75 per cent of tannin, 24 of red mucilage, and 1 of woody fibre. [Tasextc
Am.] Some of the kino of commerce is no doubt produced by ,Penei filmdom', which is common as a tree or shrub in every part of India. On comparing together specimens of the astringent gum of this plant, contained in Dr. Boyle"' collection, with some brought from 'North western India I, r Mr. Beckett, and both these with some sent from Pe-tulssy the kind of the Moos freedera, they were all three found' to be identically the same kind of gum ; but Mr. Beckett's, from being the freshest speChnen, ass the most highly coloured. Three were all moreover found to cerrespetel, especially the specimens from Bombay, with some astringent gum found by Mr. l'ereira in one of the old druggists' shops of London, under the name of Gemini rubrunt astringens, which was the name by which kino was known. It was !Mr:Awed into practice by Dr. Fothergill as Gummi astringrus Gam bicnse. It is remarkable that the Sanskrit name of Buten fenntloan is Jeanie. From its gum being labelled by a druggist as Gunned rubruna astringens, it is evident It must have been among the earliest sub etitutes for the African kind, of which so little has ever been inmporteel into this country. Analysed by Mr. is Sully, jun., the Buten kino wa-s found to contain between e0 and 70 per cent_ of tannin with gum. It is curious that Dr. Roxburgh remarks of the &nun of the Buten frondesa, that it is ea like that of his Ptcroearpus numnipians that one description might suffice for both, with respect as well in appearance as to the action of chemical re-agenta.