KIRK SI:ISIONS. [Szastoes, KIRK.) KIRSC1IWASSElt A kind of spirit prepared in the Vorarlberg from cherries.
I:vcry one knows what 6 generally under. stool I y tide naZ110, a kitchen-pinion forming a sort of in/operable adjunct to every country-house, to the mansion of the rich as well an to the humble cottage. In laying out the grounds of mu errantry residence prevision should be Mak for the 'Ito of the kitchen-garden. Though it should not obtrude on the ornamontal ground inunedintely the house, time design of the whole should be so formed as to leave the klteliempnlen in the most ease:nimble situation with regard to asiewt. soil, and water. The aspect 'boatel be open to the south, but sheltered on other aides, more eopecially from northerly and easterly winds, by r+mig ground or lefty trees at some distance. The surface should he neatly level, or in some cases, according to time per lour stature a the subsoil, it may he quit* so; but, generally speaking, a geode slips from north to eolith Is best The soil should consist of a rich loam, neither no light nor ea allusive as to be ltable to hind wunm1y in dry weather. The depth of soil ought not to be less than tw• best. and snore Is shoolutely neemeary fersome kinds of vegetables. If the subsoil be very Impervious it should be Nub-trenched ; and in the undisturbed bottom of the whole area should form a ly Inelemel plan. towards a proper drain; or if more convenient the buttons may farm several planes so inclined as to allow the water a descent to a drain terming through the lowest point*, In the forma tien of gardens this is frequently not sufficiently attended to ; while care le taken that the surface of the soil should be fair to the eye, a comartawdy are-portant circumstance. II the bottom be made as above directed, the most important and difficult part of the groundwork 6 arcompliehed.
Water is very frequently obtained by means of pumps plactel In convenient 'situations throughout the garden; but this is not the best mode of supply, nor should it be resorted to except where there is no alternative. Much injury is done to vegetation by watering with cold
spring water, or indeed with any water that is much colder than the soil and atmosphere in which the planan are pieced. Planta, when not watered at all in dry weather, if they are only kept alive, 'fleeced better when rain dont come than others that are watered, or rather chilled with water at a comparatively low temperature. The injurious effects of chilling plants by the application of very cold water is often visible in plants of the cabbage kind. After being transplanted from the seetbbede a quantity of cold water is immediately poured round their roots, the surrounding dry soils absorbs a punt portion of this supply, the remainder is soon exhaled by evaporation, and the proem Is again repeated. Sudden extremes of heat and cold, moisture and theme:ea, derange the functions of the spongieket and roots; obstruc tions supervene, and accumulation of matter in the thicker 'arts of the root, which is the principal cause of what is called clubbing, or the formation of protuberances in cabbage-roots, a disease which proves a check to their future development by incapacitating their roots for a due transmission of nourishment Witter fur the kitchen-garden should therefore be derided from ponds or large reservoirs fully exposed to the sun, and even these should be supplied by open rather than underground channels ; they ehould also be shallow, for the following reason—the deeper the water the longer will a considerable portion next the bottom retain the temperature of its greatest density, about 40' Fehr. When the general temperature of water is above this the warmest is next the surface ; and therefore the flow of water for the garden should be from the surface of the pond or reservoir. This may easily be effected by means of a floating or float. controlled sluice. When a broad sheet of water cannot be obtained for the supply of a garden some advantage will be gained by providing large cisterns in which water raised by pumps may be exposed to the air for some time previous to its being used.