Mandamus 14
Manda'mus 1:4 A Writ By Which The Court Of Queen's Bench, In The Name Of The Reigning Sovereign, Commands The Party To Whom It Is Addressed To Do Some Act In The Performance Of Which The Prosecutor, Or Person Who Applies For Or Sues Out The Writ, Has A Legal ...
Manganese
Manganese, Medical Properties Of. During The Prevalence Of Pneumatic Medicine, Preparations Of Manganese, Particularly The Binoxide, On Account Of The Large Quantity Of Oxygen It Can Yield, Were Much Employed ; But Since The Views Of Beddoes And Others, Who Recommended Them, Have Become Obsolete, The Articles Suggested To Be ...
Manganese
Manganese This Metal Was Not Isolated Till About The Middle Of The 18th Century, The Natural Compounds Containing It Having Been Up To That Time Supposed To Be Ores Of Iron. It Is A Con Stituent Of Many Minerals And, Its Black Oxide, Occurs Frequently In Abundance. The Composition Of ...
Mangold Wurzel
Mangold Wurzel. For Many Years This Plant Has Been Increasing In Agricultural Importance. When Well Grown It Is A Much Larger Root Than The Swedish Or Common Turnip, And As It Is Cultivated More Easily And With Greater Certainty, At The Same Time That It Is, During Most Of•the Season, ...
Mannitane
Mannitane. (mitxxive.] Man(euvites, Or Military Evolutions, Are The Move Ments Made By Any Body Of Troops, Either Acting By Itself Or In Conjunction With Other Bodies, Fur The Purpose Of Arriving At Or Of Retiring From A Field Of Battle, Or Of Placing Itself In A Position To Act Offensively ...
Mannite C
Mannite (c, Ilo„). Mushroom Sugar, Grenadin, Fra.risis. The Juices Of Many 'dente Contain A Peculiar Saccharine Matter Called Mannite, Which Forms The Principal Constituent Of The Drug Mesas— The Nupiesated Juice Of The Fraxinus Marmite Is Ale) Found In Celery, Asparagus, Onions, And Several Kinds Of Fungi. It Is Formed ...
Manometer
Manometer (from Two Greek Words—pawls, Thin Or Rare, And Pirpos, A Measure) Is The Name Given To Instruments Which Measure The Rarity Of The Atmosphere Or Other Gas. As However The Rarity Of A Gas Is Proportional To Its Elastic Force, So Long As Its Temperature And Chemical Composition Remain ...
Manor
Manor (iluatrimim). I. Orlyin Of Monors.—at The Time Of The Norman Conquest Mane Rius Or Manerium (from Mestere, To Dwell) Denoted • Large Mansion Or Dwelling. The =uteri= " Of The Exchequer Domesday Is The " Manage " Of The Exeter Domesday, Each Being Therefore The Equivalent Of The Anglo ...
Manslaughter Murder Manu
Manslaughter. [murder.] Manu (a Word Which Implies " Rational," From Man, To " Under. Stand"), According To A Hindu Fiction, Was The Son Or Grandson Of The Creating Deity Of Brahma, The First Of Rational Beings, And The Progenitor Of Mankind, Who Thence Are Called Manavits, Or Manujas (offspring Of ...
Manufacture Of Pottery And
Pottery And Porcelain, Manufacture Of. The Object Of The Present Article Is To Add A Few Further Observations To The Manu Facturing Details Given Under Eartheyware; And To Apply Those Details To The Two Kinds Of Ware Which Form The Extremes Of The Series, Namely, Fine Or Porcelain, Rind Coarse ...
Manufacture Of Turpentine
Turpentine, Manufacture Of. The Common Turpentine Used In The Arts Is Mostly Imported From America, In Barrels And Casks. [turpentine.] It Is Used For Very Few Purposes In The State In Which It Is Imported. The Process Of Distillation Is In Most Cases Reserted'to, As A Means Of Separating It ...
Manure
Manure. Every Substance Which Has Been Used To Improve The Natural Soil, Or To Restore To It The Fertility Which Is Diminished By The Crops Annually Carried Away, Has Been Included In The Name Of Manure. Thus Chalk, Marl, Clay, And Even Sand, When Added To The Soil For The ...
Manuring
Manuring, In Horticulture, Requires To Be Considered In A Some What Different Light From That Process As Applied To Agricultural Purposes. This Is Necessary Because Of The Variety Of Plants, Pos Sessing Different Constitutional Habits, To Which The Gardener Is Required To Turn His Attention, End Also Because Of The ...
Manuscripts Paleography Map
Manuscripts. [paleography.] Map (latin, Maipa, A Napkin ; French, Mappcmonde, A Map Of The World). A Map Is A Representation Of The Surface Of A Sphere, Or A Portion Of A Sphere, On A Plane. The Nape, However, Is Commonly Applied To Those Plane Drawings Which Represent, The Form, Extent, ...
Maple Economical Uses
Maple: Economical Uses. The Maple Is A Very Useful Tree For Industrial Purposes, Especially In America. Of The Sugar-maple It Is Calculated That There Are Ten Milliona Of Acres In The States Of Now York And Pennsylvania Alone. The Wood, When Cut, Le White ; But After Being Wrought And ...
Marasmus
Marasmus (emaciation) Is A Term Often Used By The Older Medical Writers To Designate Those Cases In Which No Particular Cause For The Atrophy Of The Body Was Discovered. It Is Now Very Rarely Employed, Since The Condition Which Was Thus Named Is Known To Be The Result Of Various ...
Marchesvan
Marchesvan, Ntorm, Commonly Called Chesvan By The Jews, Is The Second Month Of The Jewish Year, And It Coincides With Our October Or November, According To The Variations Of Length Required To Make Each Month Commence With The Appearance Of The New Moon. In The Present Year (1860) It Begins ...
Marcionites
Marcionites, A Religious Sect Of The 2nd And 3rd Centuries Of Our Nra, So Called From Their Teacher Marcion, A Native Of Sinope And A Priest, Who Adopted The Old Oriental Belief, In Which He Had Been Preceded By Cerdo At Rome, Of Two Independent, Eternal, Co-existing Principles, One Evil ...
Marco Foscarini
Foscari'ni, Marco, Was Born In 1698, Of An Old Patrician Family Of Venice, Which Has Produced Many Distinguished Men. He Studied At Bologna, After Which He Was Employed In Various Official Situations In The Service Of His Country. In 1733 He Was Sent Ambassador To The Emperor Charles Vi. He ...
Marcus Anna Us Lucanus
Luca'nus, Marcus Anna Us, Was Born At Corduba (cordova), In The Province Of Bwtica, In Spain, A.d. 33. He Was The Son Of M. Animus Mels, Who Was The Brother Of The Philosopher Seneca, And Was Carefully Educated At Rome Under The Most Eminent Philosophers And Rhetoricians Of The Time. ...
Marcus Antonius Africanus Gurdianus
Gurdia'nus, Marcus Antonius Africanus, Born Under The Reign Of The First Antoninus, Of One Of The Most Illustrious And Wealthy Families Of Rome, Made Himself Very Popular During His Qumstorship By His Munificence And The Great Sums Which He Spent In Providing Games And Other Amusements For The People. He ...
Marcus Antonius De
Marcus Antonius De, An Italian Theologian And Natural Philosopher, Was Born In 1566, Of An Ancient Family, At Arba, On The Coast Of Dalmatia ; And, Having Been Educated In A College Of The Jesuits At Loretto, He Completed His Studies At The University Of Padua. The Progress Which Ho ...
Marcus Aurelius Claudius
Claudius, Marcus Aurelius, Surnamed Gothicus, Was Born In Illyricum A.d. 274, Served In The Army As Tribune Under Decius, Was Afterwards Governor Of His Native Province Under Valerianus, And After The Death Of Gallienus In 268, Near Milan, Was Proclaimed Emperor By The Army. The Choice Was Immediately Approved By ...
Marcus Furius Camillus
Camillus, Marcus Furius, A Celebrated Roman, Who Lived About The Middle Of The 4th Century After The Foundation Of The City. There Is So Much Of The Fabulous In All That Is Told About Him That One Might Very Reasonably Suppose That Livy And Plutarch Have Derived The Traditions Respecting ...
Marcus Porcius Cato
Cato, Marcus Porcius, Who Was Surnamed Uticensis (of Utica) From The Place Of His Death, Was The Great-grandson Of Cato The Censor, And Was Born D.c. 93. Ho Is Said To Have Shown In Early Youth Great Powers Of Mind And Firmness Of Character. When Very Young He Was Chosen ...
Marcus Tullius Mmhg
Mmhg, Marcus Tullius, Was Born At Arpinum On The 3rd Of January, Ac. 106, In The Consulship Of Q. Servilius Clepio And C. Attila, Bernina", End Was Thus A Few Months Older Than Pompey, Who Was Born On The Last Day Of September In The Same Year. The Family Seat ...
Margaret Cavendish
Cavendish, Margaret, Duchess Of Newcastle. This Eccentric Lady, The Youngest Daughter Of Sir Charles Lucas, Was Born In Esau Towards The Close Of The Reign Of James I. In 1613 Sho Appointed A Maid Of Honour To Henrietta Merle; And, Accompanying The Queen To Paris She Became In 1615 The ...
Marguerite Eleonore Clotilde
Clotilde, Marguerite Eleonore, Born At Vallon Chalis In The Vivarais, On The Banks Of The Ardeche, About 1405, Married Berenger De Surville, Who Soon After Joined The Army Of The Dauphin, Afterwards Charles Vii., And Was Killed At The Siege Of Orleans. Daring His Absence Clotilde Is Said To Have ...
Maria Aigelica Kaufmann
Kaufmann, Maria Ai\gelica, Was Born At Chur Iu The Grisons, Or Graubtindten, In 1741 Or 1742. Her Father, Joseph Kaufmann, Was A Portrait Painter, Of Very Ordinary Ability ; He How Ever Devoted Unusual Attention To The Education Of His Daughter, Who Displayed Uncommon Abilities At An Early Age, Both ...
Maria Edgeworth
Edgeworth, Maria, The Daughter Of The Preceding, By His First Wife, Was Born On January I, 1767, At Hare Hatch, Near Reading, In Berkshire. In The Year 1782 Her Father Went With His Family To Reside On His Paternal Estate At Edgeworthtown, Until When, Except For A Few Months In ...
Maria Fitziierbert
Fitziierbert, Maria, Was The Youugcst Daughter Of Waller Smythe, Esq., Of Brambridge, Hants, Second Son Of Sir John Smythe, Third Baronet, Of Lishe. Durham, And Acton Burnel, Salop. She Was Born In July 1756, And Lu 1775 Became The Wife Of Edward Weld, Esq., Of Lulworth Castle, Dorset, Who Died ...
Maria Luigi Carlo Zenobi Salvador Ch Erubini
Ch Erubini, Maria-luigi-carlo-zenobi-salvador, Was Born In Florence In 1760. At Nine Years Of Age Be Commenced The Study Of Composition Under The Two Felicia, Father And Eon, Both Of Whom Dying, He Was Transferred, First To Bizzari, And Afterwards To Castrucci. In 1773 He Composed A Mass And A Motet, ...
Mariano Jose De Larra
Larra, Mariano Jose De, A Popular Spanish Writer On Literary And Political Subjects, Was Born At Madrid On The 4th Of March 1509. His Father, A Physician Of Repute, Was An Adherent Of King Joseph, And Found Himself Obliged To Leave Spain With The French Army When It Was Driven ...
Marie De Vichy Deffand
Deffa'nd, Marie De Vichy, Marquise Du, Daughter Of Gaspard De Vichy, Count Of Champ Rend, Was Born In 1696. She Had Natural Parts, Wit, Playfulness, And Taste, Which Her Education, Expressly Designed To Fit Her To Shine In The Saloons Of The Capital, Tended To Stimulate. In 1718 She Married ...
Marie Jean Antoine Nicolas Caritat Condorcet
Condorcet, Marie-jean-antoine-nicolas Caritat, Marquis De, Was Born In Picardy In 1743. His Family Owed Their Name And Title To The Castle Of Condorcet, Near Nion, In Dauphiny. His Uncle, The Bishop Of Lisieux, Who Died In 1783, Superintended His Education, And Was The Means Of Procuring For Him The Most ...
Marines
Marines, Men Embodied To Serve As Soldiers On Board Of Ships Of War In Naval Engagements; And On Shore, In The Event Of A Descent Being Made Upon An Enemy's Coast. In The British Service, They Also Assist Occasionally In Performing Some Of The Operations Connected With The Working Of ...
Mario Gaetano Gtoffredo
Gtoffre'do, Mario Gaetano, One Of The Few Good Architects That Naples Has Produced, Was Born In That City, May 14, 1718. Greatly To The Dissatisfaction Of His Parents, Who Intended Him For The Law, Gioffredi Determined That Architecture Should Bo His Pursuit ; And He Was Accordiogly Placed Under Martino ...
Maritime Lien
Lien, Maritime, Differs From The Foregoing In Two Particulars. Its Existence Is Altogether Irrespective And Independent Of Possession Of The Chattel Which Is The Subject Of It. Its Enforcement Is Not Possible, Otherwise Than By Legal Process. As May Be Supposed From The Name, It Applies To Ships, Freight, And ...
Market
Market (mercatum), A Public Place And Fixed Time For The Meeting Of Buyers And Sellers. A Legal Market Can Exist Only By Virtue Of A Charter From The Crown Or By Immemorial User, From Which It Will Be Presumed That A Royal Charter Once Existed, Although It Can Be No ...
Marl
Marl, An Earthy Substance Found At Various Depths Under The Soil, And Extensively Used For The Improvement Of Land. It Consists Of Cal Careous And Argillacemea Earth, In Various Proportions, And As The Former Or The Latter Prevails, So It Is Beneficially Employed On Clays Or Sands. There Are Several ...
Maronites
Maronites, The Name Of A Community Of Christiana Belonging To The Western Or Roman Church, And Living On Mount Lebanon. They Are Neighbours Of, And Allied To, And In Some Places Mixed With, The Druses, And, Like Them, Independent In Great Measure Of The Turkish Power. The Maronites Occupy The ...
Marquess
Marquess, A Title Of Honour Used In England And On The Continent. Persons Who Have This Title In England Are The Second In The Five Orders Of English Nobility. The Dukes Only Are Above Them. In Parliament All Peers Have The Same Privileges, By Whatever Title They Are Known. Marquesses ...
Marquetry
Marquetry And Parquetry, Are Two Names For Modes Of Grouping Small Pieces Of Wood Into Ornamental Devices; The Ono For Pro Ducing Pictures And Small Decorative Works, And The Other For Floors. During The Middle Ages, The Specimens Produced Were Generally Alter Nations Of Black And White ; But In ...
Marquis Of Granby
Granby, Marquis Of. Joust Llasixtas, Commonly Called Marquis Of Granby, Eldest Son Of John, Third Duke Of Rutland, Was Born January 2, 1720-21. Having Entered The Army, He Raised A Regiment Of Foot At His Own Expense In The Rebellion Of 1745; Was Appointed Colonel Of The Horse Guards (blues) ...
Marriage
Marriage Is A Contract By Which A Man And A Woman Enter Into A Mutual Engagement, In The Form Prescribed By The Laws Of The Country In Which They Reside, To Live Together As Husband And Wife During The Remainder Of Their Lives. Marriage Is Treated As A Civil Contract ...
Mars
Mars, The Planet Which Comes Next To The Earth In Order Of Distance From The Sun, Is A Brilliant Star, Of A Slightly Red Tint. On Examination In A Telescope, This Colour Is Found To Belong To Parte Of The Surface Of 'the Planet, Which Have Been Conjectured To Be ...
Marshal
Marshal, A Term Which In Its Origin Meant Simply A Groom Or Manager Of Horses; But From The Importance Of Such An Employment In A Rude Warlike Nation, The Office Of Marshal Became Invested With Great Military Authority, Which, According To The Usage Of The Times, Drew To Itself A ...
Mart Wollstoxecraft Godwin
Mart Wollstoxecraft Godwin, The First Wife Of William Godwin, Better Known However By Her Maiden Name Of Wolletonecraft, Was Born On The 27th Of April 1759. Mary Wollstoneemfee Early Years Were Spent In The Country, But Whether In Norfolk Or At Beverley In Yorkshire, Is Not Clear. When She Had ...
Marten Heemskerk
Heemskerk, Marten, A Celebrated Thatch Painter, Who Was Born At Heetnskerk, Near Haarlem, In 1498 : He Was The Eon Of A Peasant Farmer, Jacob Willemsze Van Veeu, But He Is Known Only By The Name Of His Birthplace. Marten Was Employed By His Father In Common Farm Labour, Which ...
Martial
Martial And Military Law Do Not Mean The Same Thing ; And Though They Are Here Joined For Convenience, Our Observations Shall Bo Made Upon Each Severally, Without Confounding It With The Other. 31artial Law, Better Known To Some As Drum-head Law, Is The Arbi Trary Exercise Of Military Power ...
Martin Che51nitz
Che51nitz, Martin, The Most Eminent Of The Protestant Divines If The 16th Century, After Luther And Melanethon, Was The Son Of Parents In An Humble Condition Of Life. Ile Was Born At Treunbrietzen The Mark Of Brandenburg, On The 9th Of November 1522. Ile Received His Education At Magdeburg And ...