NAT. ITIST. DM]. This is not, however, a philosophical classification, DA many animals belonging to this group in point of structure have not necessarily parasitical habits. Another reason for getting rid of the term Entozoa will be found in our present knowledge of the history of the development of some groups of these creatures, as there is reason to believe that they do not pass all their existence within the bodies of other animals. The moat important observation made with regard to these animals in modern times, is the identity of those forms of worms called cystic, with those which have been called ctstoid.
The researches of Siebold, Kfichenzneister, Leuckart, and Rainey, have now placed this matter beyond a doubt. The history of the common tape-worm (Trrnia sellum) of the humau body may be taken as a type of the whole. The eggs of this worm are contained in the segments of the mature worm, which are called [ANTDEL mwrics.] These eggs, in order to their future growth and develop ment, must be swallowed and submitted to a process of digestion by some other animal before they reach maturity. This process may occur in many species of animals, but that In which it takes place most commonly is the pig. In the intestines of the pig the egg becomes an embryo. which is supplied with six books, by means of which it pene trates the tissues of the intestines, and entering the blood-vessels is carried by the current of the blood to the various organs of the body. This embryo having reached a place of rest, is developed into the cystic worm known by the name of 011atierrois cellalostr. This form of the worm is well known, and prOduces in the flesh of the pig that appear ance which is called in the markets "measly pork." Here it remains and dies, unless the flesh containing it is eaten by some other animal.
When eaten by man and submitted to the process of digestion, the cystic worm is further developed. In the cyst there is a head called the" Scolex head," supplied with suckers and hooks, adapted to laying hold of the mucous membrane of the intestines, which, when effected, results in the growth of those segments which arc known as the characteristic of the tape-worm. The seolex head is now the head of
the tape-worm, and the segments arc the proglottides which continue to increase, and eventually each segment is developed into a sexual being, containing both the male and female organs of generation, and the eggs are produced. These facts have been well established by experiments, made by both Von Siebold nod Kiicheinneister. Man is also subject to the attack of cystic worms, Echineeoccus, Se., which attain their mature development iu other animals. The following is a classification of the worms at present known to inhabit the human body :— Under ordinary circumstances, therefore, the workhouses are only about half full, and the excess of accommodation provided is reserved to meet any extraordinary pressure that may occur.
During the year ended the 25th March, 1860, the total expenditure out of the poor-rates in and connected with the relief of the destitute poor, amounted to the sum of 5,454,964/. 7s., and of that sum 912,360/. 7a. was expended in the relief to the poor in workhouses ; but to that sum must be added the cost of the workhouse establish ments, including the salaries of the officers, to arrive at a correct estimate of the cost of workhouse relief. These items, however, are not separately distinguished from the cost of the union salaries gene rally ; which during the year referred to amounted to the sum of 644,7991. 9s. Taking the whole of the workhouses, the average cost of maintaining each pauper therein averages about 3s. 2d. per week, which is the cost of food, clothing, and necessaries charged to the in-maintenance accounts ; the coat of the food being about 2s. did. per week, and of the clothing and necessaries about 3d. per week for each pauper. In some workhouses, however, the cost is much higher, and in others considerably less than those amounts.