HUMAION, NESIR-EDDIN MOHAMMED, the sou of Daher, and the second emperor of the Tartar, or as it is more usually called, the Mogul dynasty in Hindustan, was born at Cebu!, A.tr. 913 (A.D. 1508). He accompanied his father Saber in his invasion of Ilinduatan, A.tr. 932 (s.n. 1525), and commanded the right wing of the army In the decisive battle of Panipat, in which the Afghan Sultan Ibrahim Lodi was entirely defeated. After this battle, Ilunitlifin was sent against two Afghan chiefs, who had assembled an army of 40,000 or 50,000 men east of the Ganges; and after having defeated them he rejoined the army of Bober, and was present at the battle fought with the native Hindoo princes at Biana near Agra, in which he greatly distinguished himself.
Humeitlin ascended the throne on the death of Bober, A.II. 937 (s.n. 1530). IlemaitIn does not appear to have possessed that energy and deeisieu which characterised his father ; in consequence of which the native princes of Hindustan quickly renounced their allegiance to the Mogul dynasty. Humeutlun was however at first successful in reducing them to subjection; Bahadur, tho powerful monarch of Gujarat, was conquered; and tho Hindoo primes were defeated in Bengal. But while he was employed in reducing these provinces, Shir Khan, the Afghan governor of Behar, revolted against him. A battle was fought between them on the banks of the Ganges A.Ii. 947 (A.D. 1540); in which Humedilin was entirely defeated, and obliged to retreat to Lahore. Soon after this he was deserted by his brothers Kanaren and Hindel ; and after wandering for a year in the neigh bourhood of the Indus, exposed to many hardships and daugera, he at length took refuge in the territories of Tahmesp Mina, king of Persia; who received him most hospitably, and assisted him with troops to enable him to recover his dominions. In A.u. 952 (A.D. 1545)
he again entered Cabul ; and was engaged for several years in a contest with Kamr6n, who, though repeatedly conquered and as often pardoned by Humeitlin, did not cease making sear against his brother till he was deprived of his eyes. In A.u. 962 (A.D. 1551.5) Humtlian marched against Sekunder, the Afghan emperor of Delhi ; and after defeating his forces near the river Sutlej, and at Sirhind (28th of June 1555), be again obtained possession of that part of Ilindustau, which had been conquered by Saber, Hunalinn died on the 11th of the month Robby al Avul, A.R. 963 (21st of January 1556), in his forty-eighth year, in consequence of a fall from the terrace of his palace. He was ancceeded by his son Akbar.
Humailln was distinguished by a greater love of justice and humanity than we usually meet with in Oriental sovereigns. He frequently pardoned his brothers who rebelled against him, and was with great difficulty persuaded to consent to the punishment of Kamrflas. We are informed by Ferishta, that "he devoted himself to the sciences of astronomy and geography, and not only wrote dissertations on the nature of the elements, but bad terrestrial and celestial globes con structed for his use." He also wrote asveral poems, which were extant in the time of Ferishta.
An interesting account of the life of Humaiem is given in the Tezkereh al VakiSt, or Private Memoirs of the Mogul Emperor Plumayan, written in the Persian language by Jouher, a confidential domestic of His Majesty ;' of which an Enelish translation was pub lished by Major C. Stewart, London, 1832. See also Feriahta's History,' translated by Lieutenant-Colonel Briggs, vol. ii. pp. 70 97; 154-180.