Bullocks are mostly used for draught. The horses are remarkably hardy and can undergo great fatigue. Pigs find abundant food in the uncultivated tracts, and are easily fattened with maize. Goats have been introduced, and thrive amazingly in those parts which have a barren soil, and are overgrown with shrubs. The number of un tanned hides imported into Great Britain from New South Wales in 1853 was 40,328.
Poultry is in great abundance : geese, ducks, turkeys, guinea-fowls, and common fowls thrive surprisingly, without any particular care being taken of them.
Industry and manufacturing industry of the colony has made considerable progress, though the production and export of native commodities form the staple of the occupation of the inhabitants. The most numerous manufacturing establishments are the mills for grinding and dressing corn, turned by wind, water, horses, or steam. There are also manufactories of woollen-cloth, hate, soap and candles, and of articles of furniture; distilleries, breweries, iron- and brass-foundries, rope-yards, and ship-building yards. As spermaceti-whales and black whale' frequent the sea adjacent to the eastern entrance of Bass's Strait and the strait itself, and a great number of seals are found on the islands iu time same part of the sea, the whale and seal fishery became a source of gain to the colonists, and is still carried on, though it has fallen off considerably.
South Wales, considered as a commercial country, bolds a very high rank among onr colonies, if its population I. taken into account. Besides the largo quantities of wool, tallow, hides, and rheeisakina, already noticed, Great Britain Imported from New South Wales, in 1853, the following, and various other articles :-347 tons of bones of annuals and fish ; 87 tons of copper-ore ; 137 ewts. of undressed flax ; 993 est& rough mother-of-pearl shells ; 8331 cwta. cocoa-nut oil ; 425 tuns spermaceti oil ; 6933 lbs. quicksilver ; 1835 lbs. tortoise-shell, or turtle-shell ; 601 gallons wine, the produce of British settlements in Australia; and 1170 loads of wood. The declared value of the exports of British produce and manufactures from Great Britain to New South Wales, amounted to 4,527,775/. in 1853, including apparel, slope, and haberdashery to the amount of 1,202,6731.; cottons, 447,1911.; woollens, 506,178/. ; linens, 121,8251.; silk manufactures, 176,2091.; hardware and cutlery, 1S9,S711.; iron, wrought and unwrought, 141,08S1.; leather, saddlery, and harness,
334,3611.; machinery, 28,3151.; musical instruments, 29,8011.; plate, jewellery, watches, &c., 00,3341.; stationery, 75,364/. • soap and candles, 33,913/. ; pickles and sauces, 69,926/. ; beer and ale, 179,907/. ; British spirits, 31,7821.; printed books, 50,225/. ; and a variety of other articles, besides a large amount of foreign and colonial produce and The number and tonnage of ships registered as belonging to the colony on December 31st, 1S54, were as follows :—Of and under 50 tons, 161 vessels of 4107 tons burden ; above 50 tons, 180 vessels of 32,082 tons ; with 123 steam-vessels of 3050 tons.
Divisions of the Country.—The more closely-settled portion of the colony is divided into 37 districts, 21 of which were added in 1847. Out of these are formed 40 counties, of which the first settled 21 are conterminous with the districts. The other counties do not occupy the whole of the districts, nor do the districts occupy tho whole of the territory, but it is a regulation of government that no land can be sold beyond their limits. The extreme boundaries of county lands have come therefore to be called the boundaries of location, and according as lands lie within or beyond these boundaries, a different system is followed in the management and civil government of them.
Within the boundaries the whole country is divided into police districts, each having a bench of petty sessions and a magistrate; and of these districts, which are of unequal size, there are at present about 40. Beyond the boundaries the country is also roughly divided into districts, in each of which there is a commissioner of crown lands, who is the chief magistrate of it, and has under his command a small force of mounted constables, who are called the Border Police. Within the limits of location, land is either sold or let on lease • beyond the limits it is neither sold nor let, but licences are granted, at the discretion of the crown commissioner, for the occu pation of such portions of land as may be desired by proprietors of stock, on each of which licences a fee of 10/. is payable annually, and an assessment is levied on the stock depastured there. Each allot ment of land for which a licence is thus given is called a station, and the stations may vary in extent from 5000 to 30,000 acres. The amount received for licence's in 1852 was and land was sold to the amount of 41,273/.