The fur-bearing animals furnish a profitable article of commerce. The breeding of cattle is not carried on to any great extent, because their maintenance in the long winter is too expensive. Almost every peasant however has a couple of horses, cows, swine, and some domestic fowls, yet the total number of any of these on such a vast area is altogether insignificant. The number of sheep was stated a few years ago to amount only to 4000. The wild animals are wolves, bears, elks, gluttons, foxes, badgers, and reindeer. Seals are found in the two great lakes. Water-fowl of various kinds abound. The fisheries are very productive ; great quantities of sturgeon and salmon are sent to St. Petersburg. The minerals are iron, granite, serpentine, porphyry, sandstone, quartz, lime, clay-slate, alabaster, talc, gypsum, and marble. Iron is smelted, and wrought into various articles for domestic use. Copperas is manufactured. The province has copper- and gold-mines not worked ; there are also silver, lead, and sulphur. Salt is obtained from some springs, but not sufficient for the supply of the inhabitants.
The exports are the natural productions of the government, cannon from the imperial foundry of Petrozavodek, cast-iron, and some tallow.
The greater part of the ozporta goes to St. Petersburg; the remainder to Archangel The great majority of the inhabitants are Russians ; in the western part there are many Finns. There are a few nomado Laplanders in the circle of Kent.
Oland:, the former capital, is aituated in 61° 0' 45" N. lat., 32° 50' E. long., on the river Olonka. It is an open town, with 3000 inhabit ants. There are three atone and five wooden churches. A good deal of flue thread is manufactured here, and a considerable trade is carried on, partly across Lake Ladoga with St. Petersburg, and partly at the two annual fairs. The first dock-yard established by Peter the Great was at Onega, and ahip.building is still carried on. Petrozaradok, the present capital, is situated in 61° 47' N. lat., 34° 24' E. long., on a bay of Lake Onega, and was so named by the empress Catharine IL from many manufactories (' saved ') erected here by Peter tho Great. It is as ill.built town, remarkable only for the great imperial cannon foundry : population, 4000. Tho only other place worth naming is Kargapol, in the south-east of the government, near Lake Latscha population, 3000.