There is no collection of Welsh printed books approaching to com pleteness, the best iu existence being probably that in the British Museum, which contains an assemblage of magazinee and newspapers in that language, to which, though far from perfect, it would be difficult to find a rival. Welsh books were first collected at the 31useurn, about the year 1838, and the presentation of the libraries of the Welsh School, and the Cyunnrodorion in 1843 made some augmentation to the stock. Another Welsh collection of some extent is to be found where it would scarcely be looked for, in the library of Brown University, at Providence, In Rhode Island, to which it was bequeathed in 1818 by the Rev. William Iticlutrdm, of Lynn, in Norfolk. The books are enumerated in the excellent catalogue of that library published by Professor Jewett.
The bibliography of Wales was first cultivated by the Rev. Moses Williams, the able and indefatigable antiquary, who has been men tioned as having nearly anticipated the' Myvyrian Archaiology.' Owen says of him, in leis' Cambrian Biography,' that " he published nothing of consequence besides an index to the Welsh poeta," but in this he is mistaken. In addition to the' Itepertorium Poeticum, sive Poema turn Walliconun, quotquot hactenus videre contigit Index Alpha beticus ' (London, 1726, Svc)), which contains an index of pieces of Welsh poetry, according to their first lines, and the fullest catalogue of poets we have seen, Williams issued a Cofrestr o'r hell Lyfrau l'rintiedig gas rnwyaf a gyfansoddwyd yn y Jaith Gymraog, neu a gyfjeithwyd iddi, hyd y Flwyddyn 1717' (London, 1717, 8vo)— ' A catalogue of all the books that have been printed, and several that have been composed, in the Welsh Language, or translated into it, up to the year 1717.' This catalogue does not extend to more than a single sheet, but it is very closely printed. The original edition is now very scarce, but the whole of it was reprinted in the periodical entitled Y Gwyliedydd; for 1882. In the ' Owlad garwr,' for 1840 a list of Welsh publications is given, from the earliest time to the year 1799 ; but, though valuable, it is probably very imperfect, as it omits even some of the works inserted in Williams's catalogue. The number of articles it enumerates is 620, but these include a few works relating to Wales in other languages than the Welsh. In the volume of the Traethodydd ' for 1852, was commenced a valuable series of articles on Welsh bibliography, Llyfryddiaeth y Cyrnry; containing not only the titles of the books but bibliographical notes and observations, but it was not continued so long as biblio graphers would have desired. A work of the same kind in English, from the pen of the Rev. Robert Jones, of Botherhithe, a scholar eminently qualified for the task, was spoken of some time ago, but has not yet appeared. A very useful bibliographical list of works on Wales and its literature is to be found in the German work, 'Das site Wales,' (Bonn, 1859) by Ferdinand Walter, a continental scholar who has lately studied the subject with German diligence. A biblio
graphical periodical intended to be quarterly, 'The Cambrian Book Register,' was commenced in June, 1857, by Mr. Pryse, a bookseller of Llanidloes and lthayader, but never advanced we believe beyond the first number.
The earliest attempt at a collection of Welsh lives is Owen Pughe's 'Cambrian Biography, or Historical Notices of celebrated men among the Ancient Britons' (London, 1803, 12mo), but the notices are so ex tremely brief, averaging four or five to a page, that the book can hardly be regarded in any other light than an Index. The dates are also very far from accurate. The 'Cambrian Plutarch' of John Humffreys Parry (London, 1824, Svc.), is much more satisfactory, hut embraces only twenty-two lives. A biographical dictionary under the name of ' Lives of Eminent Welshmen; was commenced-in numbers in 1843 and com pleted in 1852, by the Rev. Robert Williams of Llangadwaladr. The articles are ton brief, and not so entertaining as they might have been made by the use of the materials existing in Welsh ; but the volume is indispensable in every Welah library, and one to which wo have been much indebted in this general summary of the history of Welsh literature.
1VEN, the name of those tumours occurring on the human body which assume the form of a hag or cyst, and contain a variety of contents. These cysts have been named according to the character of their contents. When the contained matter resembles fat or suet, the tumor is called Steatoma ; when it resembles honey in con sistence, ; and when it is like a poultice or pap, it is called Atheroma. These however are mere artificial distinctions, and can seldom be satisfactorily applied. These tumours consist essentially of a serous or mucous bag varying in size, and the contents are of an exceedingly varying and sometimes anomalous character. Those which are commonly called Irene, and which are usually situated immediately under the skin, are mostly enlargements of the sebaceous follicles which naturally exist in the skin. Sir Astley Cooper says that in wens a dark-coloured spot may be often seen on the skin in the centre of the tumour, and such spot, he alp, is caused by the construction of the orifice of one of the sebaceous glands of the skin. Such also is the origin of many of the cysts of the mamma), which consist of dilated lactiferous ducts. But this is not the origin of many of the larger forms of encyated tumours, as theme of the ovary, Ste. There are many forms of eneysted tumour occurring in the internal viscera, in which the lining membrane is composed of serous tissue, as those of the liver, lungs, /he. Those tumours also called ganglions, which occur within the sheaths of tendons, have a sere= lining, but ought not to be referred to under the character of wens.