A vest number of barges and other craft arrire in Paris, besides trains of fire-wood or timber floated down the main stream, or its &anent, the Marne and the Oita Wool is the principal fuel con sumed, but the consumption of coal is gaining ground, and begin, to tail slightly by its grimy smoke on the formerly transparent atmos phere of Paris. The principal article. conveyed by the river in boats are wine and brandy; grain. pulse, and flour; butter, fish, and fruit ; groceries, spice., salt, and oil ; hay and straw ; bricks, tiles, and stone ; cottons, Boom, and other woven goods; iron and other metals; earthenware and glass; map, tobacco and snuff, soda, drugs, paper, &c. For the supply of provisions there are numerous market*, covered or open. The corn-market (Halleanx-1116.) is between the Louvre and the Post-Office. The Reserve Granary, near the Arsenal, has been already mentioned. The meat-market, near the Halle-aux-Bles, a large space fitted up with wooden stalls, la supplied with water by six fountains. The poultry-market is on the south bank of the Seine, opposite La-Cite. It is a covered market, about 200 feet long and 150 feet wide, divided into three parts by rows of pillars and iron rails. The fialemarket, near tha meat-market, is a covered building, supported by a great number of columns. The Marche-des-Innocents, for fruit, vegetables, and flowers, is an open square in the came neigh bourhood, surrounded by small shops for the market-people, and adorned in the centre by a handsome fountain. The Marche-St. Oerrnahi, not far from the Luxembourg Palace, le an open square of about 300 feet long by 240 or 250 feet wide, with a covered arcade or plasm all round, and haring a fountain in the centre. The old linen market (Halle-au-Vieux-Linge), in which old clothes and secondhand articles of every sort are die built on part of the site of the Temple, the tower of which was the prison of Louis XVI. and his family. The Halle-aux-Vins has been already noticed. The March6-aux-Fleurs, or famous flower-market, in the de-de-la-Cit6 between the Pont-aux Changes and the Pont-Notre-Dame, is simply the wide apace along the quay, which is planted with four rows of trees and watered by four fountains. There are five abattoirs, or general slaughter-houses, in the outskirts; of the city, three on the north side of the Seine (Mail montant or Popincourt, Montmartre, and du-Itoule), and two on the south side, Villejuif, outside the boulevard de-1'1160A and Grenelle. They are of great extent, and under excellent regulation.
The principal cemeteries of Paris are those of Pere-la-Chaise, Montmartre, and Mont-Parnasse. They are all outside the octroi walL Pere-la-Chaise on the eastern side of Paris, the largest of these ceme teries, contains about 100 acres. It is beautifully laid out, planted with cypress-trees, and contains a vast number of handsome monu ment., amongst others one erected over the ashes of }idolise and Abelard. The chapel hi a neat building, surmounted by a white marble croft. In the cemetery of Mont-Pername, which is outside the city a little west of the Observatory, are the graves of many persons executed for political offences. The Guillotine, when it is wanted, is erected inside the Barrier° d'Arcueil, to the south of the Observatory.
Paris is the centre of the imperial government, of the executive and legislative powers of the state, the seat of the supreme court of appeal for the whole empire (Cour-de-Camation), and of an archbishop, whose suffrarans are the bishops of Chartres, Meaux, Orleans, Blois, and Versailles. It has a university (College-do-France), five colleges, namely, those of Loniale-Grand, Henri IV., Bourbon, Charlemagne, and St.-Loula ; a polytechnic school, special schools of the fine arts, mines, &c., normal school, and a vast number of educational eetsb
linimenu of a high order. The University-Academy of Paris grants degrees to all students educated in colleges affiliated to it within ties limits of the departments of Seine, Cher, Efire-eteLoir, Loir-eteCher, Loiret, Marne, Oise, Seine-ete3larne, and Seine-et-Oise. There are also several theological schools, the most famous of which is that of the Sorbonne. The church of the Sorbonne is a handsome building ; in the chapel of the college is a fine monument erected over the graver of Cardinal Richelieu. Printing was first introduced into France at the college of the Sorboone in 1453. Paris is the headquarters of the First Military Division, which comprises the departments of Seine, Seine-M. 0M, Oise, Seine-et-Marne, Aube, Yonne, Loiret, and Eure-et-Loir.
Each arrondissement has a separate municipality, over which a mayor preeides. There Is also a justice of the peace to each of the 12 arrondUsementa, and a commissary of police to each of the 48 quarters. The council of the department of Seine over which the prefect presides, forms a municipal council for Paris. The muni cipal police has charge of the safety of the imblic, and the sanitary regulations of the city ere confided to it. This force is about to be modelled after the police of London. The regulation. for protection against fire and for the extlognithing of fires are excellent. There is an meanie/al body of firemen (eapours-pompiers), who are distributed In Lorna, or stations. The supply of water in generally by public fountains, and not commonly by pipes furnishing a supply to every house.
In Roman times the city of Lutetia was supplied with water by an aqueduct from Arcueil, as before stated. In the 6th century the monks of SL-haureut and St..31artin brought the waters, of St.-Gervaia to Paris, and their fountains of St..-Lazaro and 3Iaubuee still remain. When Philippe Augusto founded the Mlles ,he supplied them with buntaIns. Henri IV. constructed the new aqueduct of Arcueil ; Louis XIV. devoted large sums to the hydraulic service of Paris, and many of the fountains still existing were erected in his reign. More recently the supply hal been largely increased by the of the Ouroq-Canal, the boring of the Artesian well of Greuelle (which is 1786 feet deep, 1685 feet below the level of the sea, and gives 176 gallons per minute); the erection of the Pompe-h-Fen on the loft bank of the Seine in 184S; and lastly the works at Chaillot, where largo reservoirs are formed, into which steam-engines pump about 300 gallons from the Seine at each stroke. The supply from all these sources would give to each person 32 gallons a day, but owing to the small diameter of the pipes and the low level of the principal sources, the quantity furnished is far short of this. To remedy these defects larger pipes are now being laid down all through Paris, and the underground conduits are being made to communicate with each other, so that the surplusage at one point may make up the deficiency (if any) at another. The volume of water derived from the present sources is clearly sufficient if it could only be brought to all parts of the town. But unfortunately about four-fifths of Paris at present receive only a surface supply ; and a high service supply could be furnished to only about one-fifth of the city, and this at vast additional cost. It is proposed therefore to leave the present arrangements for all public needs, such as street watering and cleansing, fountains, fire-plugs, and general ground service, arid to bring by means of an aqueduct a new supply of water from a high level (the waters of the Somme and the Soude have boon named) for the high service supply of the city.