Sycamore, Aeer pseudo-Platanua, A. platanoides, best in moist deep soil, but will thrive in others not too stiff; withstands the sea breere.
Chestnut, Castanea race, deep sandy loam.
Walnut, Joglans regia, deep loam with a pervious subsoil; dislikes strong clays.
Hickory, Carya alba, similar soil to that required by the walnut. Amcia, or locust-tree, Robinia pseed-Acacia, sandy loam ; a sheltered situation ; cannot bear storms.
Birch, Benda albs, forms best timber on dry sandy or gravelly sail.
Laburnum, Cytians alpinus, any soil not too wet.
White Bean, Pyres Aria, any good soil, with a pervious subsoil dislikes wet clay.
Lime, Tilia Europra, soft deep loam, in low rather moist situations. Horse-Chestnut, Xsculus Ilippocestan um, deep loam ; not in exposed situations.
Poplar, Populus alba, P. canescens, P. nitre, P. tremtda, P. fastigiate, P. Greece, P. monilifira. These thrive in almost any soil, but best in that which is deep and rather moist.
Mountain-Ash, Pyres Aucuparia, any soil, wet clay excepted ; adapted for high situations.
Alder, Alnus ylutinosa, moist or even swampy soil.
Willow, Mix, of numerous species. Some thrive in rather dry soil, but all prefer moist.
Pine, Pinot sylrestris, P. Larecio, P. Pinaster, P. Strabus. The two first are adapted for thin, rocky, gravelly soils ; they grow at a great elevation on the warmest sides of mountains, but better in mountain glens; they dislike stiff clay and deep strong loam, and, like all coni ferous plants, they do not thrive on chalk. 1'. Pinaster and P. Strobes require a less exposed situation than the other two.
Spruce, execlsa, A. alba, A. rubra, A. nigra, deep moist soil, in low situations; dislikes thin sandy soil and exposure.
Larch, Abies Larix, adapted for thin mountain land, or any soil of which the subsoil is not retentive, excepting, however, red sandstone or chalk, as above mentioned.
Cedar of Lebanon, Abies Cedrus, any tolerably good soil, rather deeper than for the larch, but a pervious subsoil, free from stagnant water.
Too close pLenting produces weak drawn-up timber, in consequence of the tops only receiving a due share of light. It is true that the most magnificent trees my found in those ancient forests that have never been sown, planted, or thinned by the baud of man. But at the
same time it will not be denied, that wherever natural forests exist, the soil and situation must be exceodiugly favourable for the species produced ; and that although thousands sprung up more than could possibly find rooin to attain perfection, yet those only that were the moat favourably circumstanced and most vigorous would continue; and when once their tops got completely above those of the general DIMS, the latter must have inevitably fallen into decay. There is no reason, however, to suppose that those which maintained their ground, and, favoured by propitious soil, became lofty specimens, would not have been benefited by the assistance of the axe to relieve them sooner from their rivals.
if, on the contrary, trees are planted at too great a distance from each other, they are inclined to ramify into large limbs and spreading tops, with a stem short but much thicker than where the space admits of he expansion of foliage. If therefore very thick timber of no great length be required, wide planting Is proper ; but if tall timber be the object, the plantation must be moderately thick.
The care which plantations require from year to year consists in making up deficiencies, thinning, and pruning. Deficiencies seldom occur if the planting be at first duly performed ; and every endeavour should be used to prevent the necessity of making up. This is always done with considerable disadvantage to the plants thus introduced, unless the spaces be trenched; but in that case, if the species of tree be properly chosen, the plants may do well in consequence of the shelter afforded bv.the older surrounding individuals.
Thinning should be commenced in due time. No branch of the temporary trees should by any means overhang the top or even branches of those that are permanent. The ahelter on the most exposed sides of the plantation should be formed of robust, vigorous, growing kinds, and it should be allowed to remain unbroken. Plan tations that have been neglected till they have formed a dense thicket must be thinned gradually; for if thinned at once, those left wottld be injured by the sudden exposure, and would be blown over by winds.