The government of Posen occupies the southern part of the pro vince, and has an area of 6307 square miles, with a population of 900,430 in 1316. Posen (in Polish Poznan), the capital of the province and of the government, situated in 52' 24' N. lat., 16' 52' E. long., in a sandy tract on the left bank of the Wartha, is a strongly-fortified town, with a population of 40,209. The town, which has three suburbs and fain gates, is pretty regularly built. The chief publio buildings are—the castle, situated on an eminence ; twenty-four Roman Catholic, churches, the most remarkable of which are the cathedral and the church of St.-Stanialas, the latter being a masterpiece of Italian architecture ; two Protestant churches, a Greek chapel, a synagogue, the archiepiscopal palace, the theatre, the chief guard-house, the town-hall, &c. Palen is the residence of the Catholic archbishop of Posen and Onesen, and of the governor of the province. It Las two gymnasiums, one called Frederick Wilhelm, for Protestants, which has 19 teachers and 350 pupils, the other, the Mary gymnasium with 22 teachers and 610 pupils. The manufactures consist of chintzes, calico, tobacco, leather, woollen cloth, ticking, sealing-wax, and carriages. There are likewise breweries, distilleries, several printing-offices and lithographic presses. The city has some trade, and three annual fairs. Poeen is 160 miles E. from Berlin in a straight line, but 206 miles by railway through Stettin. Lisa, 33 milea S. from Posen, has 9000 inhabitants. This town has a palace, a handsome market-place, a Protestant gymnasium, five churches, a synagogue, and extensive manu factories of woollen cloth, linen, snufffi chicory, and carriages. Re wiLsch, situated in a marshy spot near the frontiers of Silesia, has 8500 inhabitants. It is pretty well built, has a gymnasium, a town-hall, nod manufactures of woollen-cloth, linen, leather, tobacco, and earthenware. Meserilz, situated in a beautiful and fertile country on the river Ohre, 56 miles W. from Posen, has 4500 inhabitants. The manu facture of woollen-cloth Is very considerable. Krotos:in, close to the Silesian frontier, has 7000 Inhabitants, who manufacture woollen cloths, linen, tobacco, and chicory. There are also tanneries, dye
houses, and distilleries. Fraustadt, in Polish irschowo, situated on the frontiers of Silesia, consists of an old and new town ; it has four churches, a gymnasium, an orphan asylum, and 62.57 inhabitants, who manufacture woollen and linen cloths, beer, and spirits, and carry on a considerable trade in corn, cattle, wool, &c. Kempen, also on the Silesian frostier, has 6154 inhabitants, who carry on some traffic in horses with Silesia, and manufacture cloth, linen, tobacco, and soap. Ostrowo, 70 miles S.S.E. from Posen, has several Lutheran and Catholic churches, woollen manufactures, a Catholic gymnasium, and about 5000 inhabitants.
The north of the government forms the province of Bromberg, which has an area of 4545 square miles, with a population of 463,969 is 1346. The chief town Bromberg, in Polish is situated on a hill above the Brahe, about 5 miles W. from the Vistula, 67 miles in a straight line, 166 miles by railway through Woldenberg, N.N.E. from Posen, and has about 10,000 inhabitants. The canal which completes the navigation between the Oder and the Vistula enters the Brahe at this place. The town is well built ; it has a Lutheran gymnasium, a training school, manufactures of chicory, tobacco, linen and woollen cloth, sugar, &c.; and a brisk trade in corn, cattle, dm. Gnesen, an old town, with 7000 inhabitants, 44 miles S.S.W. from Bromberg; it gives title in conjunction with Posen to a Catholic archbishop, who was primate of Poland. Besides the cathedral, there are seven Roman Catholic churches, and a seminary for the clergy. The inhabitants manufacture woollen cloth and linen, and there are breweries and distilleries. Gnesen is one of the oldest towns in Poland. It was the earliest capital of that country. [PoLAND.] Inowratzlaw, also called Jung-Breslau, an ill-built town, in a fertile plain, 24 miles S. by E. from Bromberg, has 5600 inhabitants, who have distilleries, breweries, and saltpetre works. There are five Roman Catholic churches, a Franciscan convent, and a synagogue. Schl'nlanke, is a well-built town, 62 miles W. from Bromberg, with 4000 inhabitants, who manufacture woollen cloths.