Ratisbon
Ratisbon (regensburg), The Capital Of The Upper Palatinate. Iu Bavaria, Is One Of The Most Ancient Towns In Germany, Been Built By The Romans, By Whom It Was Called Reginum, Castraregia, And Subsequently Augusta Tiberii. In The 2nd Century It Was Already A Place Of Trade. The Romans Threw Up ...
Rave
Rave. This Plant, Which Is Of The Cabbage Tribe, Is Cultivated Like Tole, Or Colza, For The Sake Of Its Seeds, From Which Oil Is Extracted By Grinding And Pressure. It Is Also Extensively Cultivated In England For The Succulent Food Nldch Its Thick And Fleshy Stem And Loaves Supply ...
Ravelin
Ravelin, A Work Constructed Beyond The Main Ditch Of A Fortress, And In Front Of The Curtain Between Two Bastions. It Usually Consists Of Two Lines Of Rampart, Which Meet In A Salient Angle On A Line Drawn Perpendicular To And Bisecting The Curtain ; And Its Form On The ...
Ravenna
Ravenna, Situated In 44' 26' N. Lat., 12' 12' E. Long., Is An Ancient City Of Italy, Once A Sea-port, But Now 9 Miles From The Sea, Which Has Receded All Along This Coast, Owing To The Accumulation Of Rand Thrown Up By The Waves, And Of The Alluvial Earth ...
Raymund Lully
Lully, Raymund, Surnamed The Eulightened Doctor,' Waa Born At Palma, In The Island Of Majorca, Iu 1234. In Early Life He Followed His Paternal Profession Of Arms In The Service Of The King Of Aragon, And Abaudoned Himself To All The Licence Of A Soldier's Life. Passing From Extreme To ...
Re Vet3i Ent
Re Vet3i Ent, In Permanent Fortification, Is A Wall Of Brick Or Stone Retaining The Mass Of Earth Which Constitutes The Rampart, Generally On The Exterior Side Only, Or Retaining The Earth Which Forms The Opposite Aide Of The Ditch. The Exterior Faces Of These Walls Are Cote Sadered As ...
Reading
Reading, Berkshire, The County Town, A Municipal And Parlia Mentary Borough And Market-town, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, Is Pleasantly Situated On The Banks Of The River Kennet, Just Above Its Junction With The Thames, In 51° 27' N. Lat., 0° 58' W. Long., Distant 39 Miles W. ...
Reaping
Reaping (or Cutting Corn When It Is Ripe) Is One Of The Moat Important Operations Of Harvest. It Requires Many Hands To: Accom Plish It In Proper Time, So That The Corn Which Is Ready For The Sickle May Not Be Too Ripe And Shed, Nor The Fair Weather Be ...
Rear Admiral Sir John Franklin
Franklin, Rear-admiral Sir John, Was Boru Iu 1786 At Spilaby In Lincolnshire. His Ancestors Were Substantial Yeomen, And His Father Inherited An Estate In That County, Which Though Small Was Sufficient To Give Him Local Rank Ae A Landlord. Unhappily However The Property Was So Embarrassed That He Was Obliged ...
Reason
Reason, According To The Common Notion, Is The Highest Faculty Of The Human Mind, By Which Man Is Distinguished From Brutes, And Which Enables Him To Contemplate Things Spiritual As Well As Material, To Weigh All That Can Be Said Or Thought For And Against Them, And Hence To Draw ...
Receiver
Receiver. A Receiver Is A Person Appointed By The Court Of Chancery To Receive The Rents And Profits Of Land, Or The Produce Of Other Property, ;which Is In Dispute In A Cause In That Court. He Is An Officer Or Agent Of The, Court, And As Such Under Its ...
Recent Terminology In Mathematics
Mathematics, Recent Terminology In. The Terms Intended To Be Explained In The Present Article Relate To Subjects Distinct Indeed, But Intimately Connected Together, As Well Logically As Historically. Determinants Were Devised As A Means To The Solution Of A System Of Simple Equations, But The Principle Of Their Construction Is ...
Reckoning At Sea
Reckoning At Sea Is The Process Of Computing The Several Elements Which Relate To The Determination Of The Ship's Place At Any Time. The Term May Include The Operations Which Are Performed In Finding The Latitude And Longitude Of The Ship, The Variation Of The The Needle, &c., From Celestial ...
Reconnoissance
Reconnoissance Is An Examination Of A Tract Of Country Or Of The Seacoast; The Latter Previously To A Disembarkation Of Troops, And The Former Preparatory To The March Of An Army In Order Either To Meet That Of The Enemy Or To Take Up Quartets For The Season. The Military ...
Recoonisance
Recoonisance Is An Obligation Of Record, Entered Into Before Some Court Of Record, Or Magistrate Duly Authorised, By Which The Party Entering Into It (the Cognisor), Whose Signature Is Not Necessary, Icknowledges (recognises) That Lie Owes A Sum Of Money To The Queen, Or To Some Private Individual, Who Is ...
Recorder
Recorder (recordator), A Judicial Officer, Described By Cowell As "he Whom The Mayor Or Other Magistrate Of Any City Or Town Corpo Rate Having Jurisdiction, Or A Court Of Record, Within Their Precincts By The King's Grant, Cloth Associate Unto Him For His Better Direction In Matters Of Justice And ...
Recruiting
Recruiting Is The Act Of Raising Men For The Military Or Naval Service, Either To Augment The Numerical Strength Of An Army Or Fleet By New Levies, Or To Make Good The Complement Of Any Regiment Or Ship. The Term May Be Used When Men Are Obtained In Any Of ...
Rectangle
Rectangle (or Right Angled), The Name Given To Any Figure Of Which All The Angles Are Right Angles. Hence The Figure Having As Many Right Angles As Sides In The Sum Of Its Angles, Must Be Foursided; For None But A Foursided Figure Has The Sum Of Its Angles Equal ...
Recurring Series
Recurring Series. By A Recurring Series Is Meant One Of The Form Ad Infinitunt, In Which The Coefficients A„ Ite. Can Each Be Expressed By Means Of Certain Preceding Coefficients And Constants In One Uniform Manner ; And It Is Usual To Consider Only Such Series As Will Admit Of ...
Recusants
Recusants Are Persona Who Refuse Or Neglect To Attend Divine Service On Sundays And Holidays, According To The Forms Of The Established Church. Before The Reformation, Ecclesiastical Censure. Were Directed At Different Times By Provincial Councils Against Those Whe Absented Themselves From The Services Of The Church. But The Noticing ...
Red Sea
Red Sea, An Inlet Of The Indian Detain, Which Extends From The Strait Of Babel-mandeb, In 12' 40' N. Lat., In A North By West Direction, To 30° N. 1st. It Lies Between Sr 20' And 43' 30' E. Long., And Is Little Short Of 1400 Miles Long. From The ...
Redan
Redan Is The Simplest Kind Of Work Employed In Field Fortification, And It Consists Generally Of A Parapet Of Earth, Divided On The Plan Into Two Faces, Which Make With One Another A Salient Angle, Or One Whose Vertex Is Towards The Enemy. Existing Alone, The Work Is Capable Of ...
Redout
Redout Is A General Name For Nearly Every Kind Of Work In The Class Of Field Fortifieations ; Thus, A Redan With Flanks, A Parapet Enclosing A Square Or Polygonal Area, A Work In The Form Of A Star [star-toni], And A Fort With Bastions At The Angles, Like The ...
Reformation
Reformation Is The Name Generally Given To The Great Schism Which Took Place In The Western Church In The First Half Of The 16th Century, And By Which A Large Part Of The Population Of Europe Has Become Separated From The Church Of Rome ; Besides Which, The Great Majority ...
Reformatories
Reformatories. By The Acts 17 & 1s Vict. Cc. 86 And 169, .nd 20 & 21 Vict. Cc. 48 And 109, Various Provisions Are Made By Which Nagistrates May Send Juvenile Offenders To Reformatories, Instead Of To ?rison, There To Be Detained For Certain Periods, At The Discretion Of The ...
Refrangibility Refraction
Refraction, Refrangibility. Refraction Is The Turning Of A Ray Of Light, Heat, Or Other Imponderable Substance From Its Direction, When It Falls Obliquely On The Surface Of A Medium Differing In Density From That Through Which It Had Previously Moved. The Differently Coloured Rays Of Light Have Different Degrees Of ...
Refrigerants
Refrigerants Are Remedial Agents Which Directly Diminish The Force Of The Circulation, And Reduce The Heat Of The Body Or A Portion Of It, Without Occasioning Any Diminution Of The Ordinary Sensibility Or Nervous Energy. This Definition Must Not Be Considered As Excluding Cold From Among The Number Of Such ...
Refrigeration Of The Globe
Refrigeration Of The Globe. Since The Mathematical Researches Of Fourier Regarding The Diffusion And Conduction Of Heat In A Mass Constituted As The Earth Appears To Be In The Parts Near The Surface, Hare Become In Some Degree Known, Geologists Have Been Much Encouraged In Attempting To Connect With A ...
Regency Regent
Regent, Regency. These Words, Like Contain The Same Element As Rego " To Rule," Regens, " Ruling ;" And Denote The Person Who Exercises The Power Of A King Without Being King, And The Office Of Such A Person, Or The Period Of Time During Which He Possesses The Power. ...
Regiment
Regiment, A Body Of Troops, Whether Infantry Or Cavalry, Forming The Third Subdivision Of An Army ; The Anion Of Two Or More Regiments Or Battalions Constituting A Brigade, And Two Or More Of The Latter Making Up A Grand Division Or Carps Darmee. A Regiment Is Com Manded By ...
Reginald Heber
Heber, Reginald, Second Bishop Of Calcutta, Was Born On The 21st Of April 1783, At Malpas, Cheshire, Of Which Place His Father Was For Many Years Co-rector. The Family Was Of Considerable Antiquity In The County Of Yorkshire, And On The Death Of No Elder Brother Without Heirs-male, The Father ...
Registration
Registration. (scotland.) The Registration Of Documents In Scotland Is Intimately Connected With The Titles Of Real Property, And With The Execution Of The Law. It Is Thus Divided Into Two Distinct Departments, Which May Be Considered Separately—registration For Preservation And Registration For Execution. Registration For Preservation, In Its Simplest Form, ...
Registration Register
Register, Registration, Registry. In Feudal Times, The Owner Of Land, Or At Least The Person Immediately Entitled To The Profits Arising From It, Was Usually The Occupier, And His Right Was Notorious Among His Neighbours ; For In Their Presence Possession Or Seism Of The Land Was Delivered To Him ...
Regius Morbus
Regius Morbus, As Used By The Classical Latin Authors, Must Not Be Confounded With The King's Evil, Or Regius Morbus, Of The Writers Of The Middle Ages. In The Former It Means Jaundice (herat,' Art. Poet,' 453), Called Also Yurepos, " Morbus Arquatus," And " Aurugo " (or " Aurigo ...
Regulations
Regulation's Ltelatmo To Practitioners Is Medicine Or Surgery Debirbal Of Obtaming Degrees Ls Medicine. Degree Of Bachelor Of Mediciae.—candidates Shall Be Admitted To The Two Examinations For The Degree Of Bachelor Of Medicine On Pro Ducing Certificates: 1, Of Having Been Admitted, Prior To The Year 1840, Members Of One ...
Reigate
Reigate, Surrey, A Market-town, Parliamentary Borough, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Reigate, Is Pleasantly Situated In 51' 14' N. Lat., 0' 11' W. Long., Distant 22 Miles F.. From Guildford, 21 Miles S. By W. From London By Road, And 23 Miles By The ...
Relation
Relation (logic). In The Article Lome (cols. 345, 346) We Have Contended That Any Composition Of Relations Is Syllogism, And Have Stated Our Objection To The Mode Used By Logicians Of Reducing Such Compositions To Their Syllogism, In Which The Only Relation Is Identity. Without Further Controversy We Shall Proceed ...
Relation
Relation (mathematics). What We Here Mean By This Word Could Have Been Explained In The Article Equation, If We Had Confined Urselves To The Explanation Of Arithmetical Algebra; But Having In The Hides Algebra And Operation Endeavoured To Give Higher Views, We Re Induced To Insert The Present Article By ...
Release
Release. "releases Are In Divers Manners, Namely : Releases Of All The Right Which A Man Hath In Lands Or Tenements ; And Releases Of Actions Personals And Seals, And Other Things." (litt. § 444.) The Former Kind Of Release May Be Considered As A Species Of Con Veyance, And ...
Relics
Relics (in Latin, " ") Is A Term Used To Signify The Remains, Bones, Or Garments Of Departed Holy Men, Which Are Honoured By The Followers Of The Church Of Rome. During The Early Ages Of The Christian Church, Martyrs Were Held In Veneration ; And Their Relics Were Treasured ...
Religion
Religion Is A Latin Word Which, According To The Common Deri Vation Of It (from Religare), Means A Principle Which Acts As A Restraint On The Conduct Of Man. In Its More General Sense It Is Used As An Abstract Term To Denote Our Ideas Of The Existence And Character ...
Reliquary
Reliquary, A Mc Or Repository For Relic*. Time Term Is Usually T-onfined To The Smaller Relic-cases, Those Of Large Dimensions, Whether Fixed Or Moverible, Being More Commenly Designated //sues. Wh"n The Veneration Of Relics Had Become Universal In The Medieval Church, Time Practice Of Enclosing The Relic In It. Own ...
Rem Embrancers
Rem Embrancers (rememorutores), Formerly Called Clerks Of The Remembrance (37 Edw. Iii. C. 4), Are Officers Of Whom, Until Recently, There Were Three In The Exchequer, Called Respectively The King's Remembrancer, The Lord Treasurer's Remembrancer, And The Remem Brancer Of First Fruits; Their Duty Being To Put The Lord Treasurer ...
Remainder
Remainder. An Estate In Remainder Is Defined By Coke To Be "a Remnant Of An Estate In Lands Or Tenements, Expectant On A Par Ticular Estate, Created Together With The Same At One Time." According To This Definition, It Must Be An Estate In Lands Or Tenements, Includiug Incorporeal Hereditaments, ...
Remi Joseph Is1dore Excelmans
Excelmans, Remi-joseph-is1dore, Baron, Marshal, Was A Native Of Bar-le-duc, Where He Was Born November 13, 1775. He Entered The Army Very Young, And First Drew Attention To His Services, In 1799, Whilst Under General Oudiuot, During The Campaign Which Terminated In The Conquest Of Naples. In 1800 He Became Aide-de ...
Renaissance
Renaissance (architecture). The Term Renaissance Indicates The Period Of The Rcnral, When The Classical Began To Be Re-introduced After The Medimval Styles. The Term Is Used Alike In Architecture, Sculpture, And Ornamental Art : Our:attention In The Present Article Will Be Confined To Architecture. The Renaissance Lined Its Origin In ...
Rene Descartes
Descartes, Rene, Was Born At La Haye, Between Tours And Poitiers, Iu Touraine, On The 31st Of March 1596, And Died At Stock Holm On The 11th Of February 1650, Before He Had Completed His Fifty-fourth Year. Descartes Was Of Noble Descent, Being A Younger Son Of A Councillor In ...
Rene Joach1m Henri Dutrochet
Dutrochet, Rene-joach1m-henri, A Distinguished French Botanist And Natural Philosopher. Ho Was Born At The Chateau De Mon, Poitou, On The 14th Of November 1776, And Died At Paris On The 4th Of February 1847. He Was The Son Of A Military Officer, Who Emigrated, And Whose Property Was Confiscated. Young ...
Rene Just Hauy
Hauy, Rene-just, Abbe, A Distinguished French Mineralogist, Was Born February 28, 1743, At St. Just, In The Present Department Of Oise. He Commenced His Studies At The College Of Navarre, To Which College Be Was Appointed Professor In 1764, And Subsequently Also To That Of The Cardinal Le 3loine. His ...
Rennes
Rennes, • City In France, Capital Of The Department Of Ille-et Vilaine, Stands In 43' 6' 55' N. Lat., 1° 40' 17" W. Long., 190 Miles Iu A Straight Line W. By S. From Paris, On The Ille Et-ranee Canal, At The Confluence Of The Ills And The Vilaine, 176 ...
Rent
Rent, In Political Economy, Is Defined By Mr. Ricardo To Be " That Portion Of The Produce Of The Earth Which Is Paid To The Landlord For The Use Of The Indestructible Powers Of The Soil. It Is Often, However (he Remarks), Confounded With The Interest And Profit Of Capital,• ...
Replevin
Replevin (delirrance De Ramps, Eplegiatio). In The Middle Ages The Performance Of Legal Duties Was Enforced By Taking The Person, The Lands, Or The Goods Of The Defaulter Into The Custody Of The Party Authorised To Enforce The Performance Of Such Duties. When Such A Taking Was Effected, The Party ...
Reports
Reports (in Law) Are Relations Of The Proceedings Of Courts Of Justice. They Usually Contain N Statement Of The Pleadings, The Facts, The Arguments Of Counsel, And The Judgment Of The Court ;—tho Object Being To Establish The Law, And Prevent Conflicting Decisions, By Pre Serving And Publishing The Judgment ...
Reprieve
Reprieve (from The French Repris, Withdrawn), In Criminal Law, Means The Withdrawal Of A Prisoner From The Execution And Proceeding Of The Law For A Certain Time. Every Court Which Has Power To Award Execution, Has Also Power, Either Before Or After Judgment, To Grant A Reprieve. The Consequence Of ...
Republic
Republic Is Derived Immediately From The French Ripublique, And Ultimately From The Latin Res Publica. The Latin Expression Res Publica Is Defined, By Faeciolati, To Be " Res Commithis Et Publica Civium Una Viventium," And Corresponds Very Closely With The English Word Commonwealth, As Used In Its Largest Acceptation For ...