Among the sources of income of the Philanthropic Society, the following may be noticed :—The profit of the farm-work in 1859 was 448/. ; on brick-making, 1061. The amount of work done by the boys for employers in the neighbourhood was 156/. ; while upwards of 60001. was received from government under the Reformatory Acts. The out lay for training and maintenance was,. on an average, about 20 guineas for each boy; the total expenditure was 7200/.
The number of boys received during 1859 was 99 ; of these about half had lost father or mother, or both ; many were the children of drunken and immoral parents. Of those discharged during the year, 43 emigrated, 6 were apprenticed, 5 sent to service, 4 to sea, and 35 were sent to friends. About 900 boys have been sent out as emigrant' to Canada, the United States, and Australia, since the commencement of the school. From a statement showing the disposal of the boy" during four yearn, 1855-1858, it would appear that about 11 per cent. I of the emigrants, and about 23 per cent. of those in borne employments, relapsed into crime.
Much of the emcees of the Philanthropio Society's operations is due to the excellent management of the Rev. Sydney Turner, now govern. went inspector of reformatories, who was chaplain and secretary to the instantion for a number of years.
The following reformatories are in operation in and near Bristol Kingswood (established 1552., fur 10u males; Red Lodge (1854), for 60 girls; Arno's Court (Roman Ca?holio, 1856), for 300 females. The Lirerpotl Farm School, situated et Newton, near Warrington, with accommodation for SO boys, was estal lished in 1859. The magistrates in Liverpool have taken pains to apply the provisions of " Tho Youth ful Offenders Acts," and the results have been highly satisfactory. In the five yearn preceding the passing of these Acts the average number of juvenile offenders committed to prison was 1030 ; in the five years following the average fell to 751 ; the highest number was 1148 in 1852; the lowest 4S6 in 1858. The daily average of juveniles in
prison in 1854 was 110 ; in 1859 it was a fraction under 25. The gangs of juvenile offenders which formerly infested and plundered the town have been quite broken up. Parents have been called upon, in accordance with the provisions of the Acts, to pay towards the expense of thus reforming and training the children they have neglected, the amount reaching, on an average, about 250/. a year. Exeter had a Female Refuge for discharged prisoners of the Western Counties as early as 1836. with accommodation for 20 inmates : it has now, in addition, the Devon and Exeter Reformatory Farm School, at Bramp ford WOod, founded in 1855, for 30 boys, and the girls' reformatory for the Western Counties, for 50 inmates, commenced in 1858. The Castle Howard Reformatory, at Welburn, near York commenced in 1S56. with accommodation for 80 boys, receives youths sentenced to detention who have been previously once, or oftener, convicted, froni the North and East Ridings, the City of York, and the town of Hull. The boys are employed chiefly in spade husbandry. and are much in request as labourers by the farmers in tb neighbourhood. The num ber of juvenile offenders in the North and East Ridings has greatly diminished since the opening of the school. With respect to the town of Hull, the testimony of the sitpendiary magistrates is. that " juvenile crime, as a system, is broken up." The Manchester and Salford Reformatory, at Blackley, has accommodation for 50 boys. At Bir mingham, the Saltley Reformatory Institution, Small Heath, has accommodation for 100 boys ; and the Smethwick Reformatory has accommodation for 45 girls. At Wakefield, the West Riding Reforma tory School for girls was commenced in 1856.