South of the Aventine, and between it, the Tiber, and the walls, is • large space of low ground laid out in fields, part of which are common, and go by the name of ' Prati del Popolo Romano.' An artificial hill, called Mount Teataccio rises on one side of them ; it is formed of a quantity of broken earthenware (testa') and other rubbish which has been thrown and has accumulated here from ancient times, and over which • green turf has formed. The modern Romans have excavated cellars in the side of the hill, where they keep their wine cool, and the place is resorted to on holidays by the populace of Rome. On the other side, by the gate of San Paolo, is the Protestant burying ground, and near it is the pyramid of Cams Cestiva.
II. The upper town, or eastern part of modern Rome, stretches up the slope of the Pincian and Quirinal hills, and occupies also part of the plateau which unites all the eastern hiha of Rome. This part is not so densely built as the lower town : it consists iu great measure of palaces and villas, of churches, convents, and other large buildings, with spacious courts and gardens, and is intersected by two fine long streets, which cross each &beret right angles on the summit of the Quirinal, forming there • small circus, with a fountain at each bifur from which the place ie called Lo Quattro Fontane.
On the terrace or plateau of the Piucian Mount, in this part of Rome, there is a fine promenade or public walk. Next to it is the villa Medici, now the academy of French pensionary artiste; the church of La Trinith de' Monti; and the esplanade with the obelisk in front of it, from which there is a splendid view of moderu Rome. From this esplanade a good street, called Via Sistine, leads in a south east direction to the Piazza Barberini, which lies in the depression between the Pincian and the Quirinal. The Palazzo L'arberini, one of the largest in Rome, is at the east end of the Piazza. It contains a good collection of paintings, among others the celebrated portrait of La Cenci, by Guido, oho had seen her on the scaffold at her execution. The library of the Barberini palace has about 50,000 printed volumes, and many valuable manuscripts. At the north end of the Piazza Barberini is the church and convent of the Capuchins, with its garden, which is kept In excellent condition, like all the gardens of the con vents of that order. Adjoining is the vast and splendid patrician villA Piorubino, which has beautiful walks; in the apartments of the prin cipal casino is a valuable collection of ancient sculptures, and also the fresco of Aurora by Guercino.
South of the Piazza Barberini rises the Quirinal Mount, which bears ea its enausit thee:teazles pontifical palace and gardens. At Rome it is essensonly called Mont* Carallo, from the two tiolossel statue. of Castor and Pollux, with their horses, which stand In the square before the palace. Ge the met aide of the square is the Palazzo della Consults, and nett to it the Palazso Itospighod, which occupies an extensive area. In a detached gallery or summer-house of the letter is the celebrated Aurora of Guido, which is considered the masterpiece of that groat Fainter. A fine street, about a mile iu length, leads from the swans of the pontifical palace along the plateau of the Quirinal to Porta Pia, paining near the Thernsm of Diocletian. It is crossed at the Quattro Fontane by another street, leading from the Piazza Barbenut to the thumb of Santa Maria Maggiore, whence several streets lead to Porta Maggiore, Porta San Lorenzo, and Porta San Giovamth The magnificent church of Santa Marie Maggiore on the Esquihno Hill, which ben joins the Quirinal, la the eastern extremity of modern Rome. Beyond it, north, east, and south, the whole expanse of the }Aquiline Is occupied by gardens, villas, and fields, with some solitary churches. The more interesting of these chumbes are—I, San Pietro in Vincoli, built first by Eudoxia, wife of Valentinian III., and rebuilt by Pope Adrian L; it contains the mausoleum of Julius IL, with the statue of Moses by Michel Angelo: 2, the handsome church of San Martino ai Monti, Which, with its ancient orator' and vaults, its modern embellish ments and the frescoes by Poussin, is worthy of notice.
Between the west slope of the "'Aquiline and the south slope of the Quirinal are several streets, which extend to the Campo Vaccine. Farther north, at the foot of the Quirinal, and in the gap between it and the Capitoline Mount, is the piazza which contains Trals.n's eolomn.
The Capitoline Mount, celebrated in the history of ancient Rome, is called by corruption Campidoglio. It rises on the eastern skirts of the inhabited part of modern Rome, which it divides from the Forum and the other forsaken districts of the ancient city. The Capitoline Mount is of an oval shape, and about one mile in circumference at its base ; it is divided from the Quirinal to the north-east by a narrow valley, in which the Forum of Trajan once was, and the Pillar of Trajan still is ; it has to the east the Forum of Augustus and the Via Sacra, which divides It from the Esquiline Hill ; to the south-east the valley of the Forum Romanum, which divides it from the Palatine Hill; to the south the Forum Boarinm, which divides it from the Aventine Hill ; and the Tiber to the eouth-west. It has two summits, one to the north towards the Quirinal, on which the church and Franciscan convent of Ara Cceli now 'tend; and another to the south towards the Tiber, on which are the Caffarelli palace and gardens. At the south end was the Tarpeian rock, down which state-criminals were hurled. The height of this aide of the hill is very much reduced, the ground at the foot of it having been considerably raised by ruins and rubbish, and the rock itself having been sloped down, and houses built against it,. The height of the Capitol, taken at the pavement of the church of Ara Cceli, which is the highest summit, is 155 feet above the sea, 135 feet above the Tiber taken at its medium height, and about 90 feet above the present surface of the Forum, which how ever ie in Fevers' places 20 feet higher than its ancient level. This hill is said to have been called Saturnius in the ante-Roman times. When the first Romans built their town on the Palatine, they built their arx, or citadel, upon the hill afterwards called the Capitoline. In their first war with the Saltines the latter took possession of this stronghold by the treachery of a woman called Tarpeia, the daughter of the Roman Hence the hill took the name of Tarpeius. After the peace Tatius and his Sabine. settled on the Tarpeian Mount, and Romulus remained on the Palatine. Tarquinius the Elder began to build s temple to Jupiter on the Tarpeian Mount, the summit of which he levelled for the purpose. The building was afterwards con tinued by Tarquinius Superbus. In digging atom° part of the founda tions it is said the workmen found a human head quite fresh, which Int. interpreted to signify that the spot would be the head and centre of the Roman power. (Lir!, 1. 55.) The temple was accordingly dedicated to Jupiter Capitolinus, from caput, 'a head. The temple Mood on the northern summit of the hill where the church of Ara Call now stands. It was burnt In the civil war of Marius, but Sulla rebuilt it with much greater spendour and of the most costly materials. It Is said to have been 200 feet long and 185 feet wide; it had a peristyle with three rows of marble columns in front, and two rows of pillars divided the interior into three aisles, at the farthest end of which were three cells dedicated to Jupiter, Juno, and Minerva. The vault of the temple and the external roof were covered with plates of gold. This temple was the principal sanctuary of Rome, to which the victorious general and emperors went in triumphal procession to eacrifiee to the god.. Many other temples and public buildings were raised niece...Italy on the Capitoline MIL The temple of Concord stood on the slope towards the Forum. In the intertnentium or little valley between the two summits (Clivi) stood the asylum or place of refuge, between two plantations of oak-trees.