ROX BURGHSII IRE, Scotland, an inland county, situated on the south-eastern border, is bounded N. by Berwickshire, E. and S.E. by Northumberland, S. by Cumberland, S.W. by Dumfriesshire, W. by Selkirkahire, and N.W. by Edinburghshire. It lies between 55° 6' and 55' 40' N. lat., 2° 13' and 3' 10' W. long. Its form is very its greatest length from north-north-east to south-south-west is about 40 miles; its greatest breadth at right angles to the length is 28 miles. Its area is 720 square miles, or 460,938 acres, of which about one half is tinder the plough, and the remainder is bill pasture, moor, or meadow. The population in 1811 was 46,025; in 1851 it was 51,612. The county returns one member to the Imperial Parliameut.
Strfare, Hydrogrephy, earl Cossassaicationa—The whole surface of the county is undulating and diversified, but in the northern and central parts the bills are of lass elevation than along the English and Dunifrierkshire borders. A range of lofty hills extends along the barrier of Northumberland, to which the general designation of Cheviot 1131Ie is sometime, given. The Carter Fell (2020 feet), the Peel Fell, and Lauristou Crag form part of this range. From the head of the Jed Water the range of hills turns westward and runs through the county Into Demfriesahire, separating the basin of the Tweed from Liddesdale and Eskdale. From each side of the range, hills irregu larly grouped overspread a wild pastoral district drained by the upper waters of the Teviot on the one side and the Liddel on the other. In the separating range are Windburgh 11111 (2000 feet) and Wisp (1830 feet). In Liddeadals (the country drained by the Liddel) are Peel Fell, the Lauriston Hills, and Milden wood Hill (2000 feet). In the northern part of the county are the Eildon Hills (1364 feet); and on the banks of the Teviot, near the centre of the county, are Ruber's Law (1119 feet) and Dunian (1120 feet) on the south side, aud the Minto Crags (721 feet) and Mint° Kama ou the north.
The county belongs almost entirely to the basin of the Tweed, which first touches the border of the county at the junction of the Ettrick Water ; that part of its course which belongs to Roxburgh shire may be estimated at 30 miles. It is valuable for its salmon
flhinga. The principal affluent of the Tweed is the Teviot, which Sows through the county in nearly its whole extent, giving to the greater portion of it the name of Teviotdale. It drains nearly the whole county, receiving the Slitrig, the Rule, the Jed, and the Keil from the Northumbrian border, and the Borthwick water and river Ale from Selkirkahire. The Ettrick, the Gala, the Leader, the Eden, and other small afllueuta of the Tweed have part of their course in this county. Liddesdale is drained by the Liddel and its tributary the Ilerrilltage. It receives the other streams of Liddesdale, and joins the. Esk. which fella into the Solway Frith. The whole course of the Teviot is beautiful; it flows along the bottom of a spacious open valley, the sides of which often rise to a considerable height, and its banks are adorned with numerous mansions. Above Hawick the valley is narrower, and becomes pastoral rather than agriculturaL None of the streams are navigable, except for ferry-boats.
The roads in Roxburghshire are very good. Several roads from Loudon to Edinburgh pass through this county. One through Wooler just crosses the north-eastern part through Kelso ; another, branching from this at 3lorpeth, passes through Jedburgh and St. Boswell's; and a third, through Penrith and Carlisle, crosses the western side of the county through Dryden and to Selkirk. A road from IIawick follows the valley of the Teviot, and then of the Tweed, through Kelso to Berwick. The Edinburgh and Hawick railway travcres part of the county. A branch from the York, Newcastle, and Berwick line joins the Edinburgh and Hawick line near St. Boswell's Green.
Geology, &c.—The eastern side of tho county is chiefly occupied by the formations of the red-marl or new red-sandstone group, the western side by the grauwacke rocks; the Cheviot or border hills are chiefly of trap formations, and with Liddesdale, form an extension of the Northumberland coal-measures. The predominant rock of the red-marl formatiou is a sandstone, commonly red but sometimes white.