The total number of ship. of all nations that entered Russian ports in 1852 amounted to 8655, carrying 790,300 lasts, and the departures to 8507, carrying 763,900 lasts. Of the arrival. 3627 entered Baltic ports ; 827 the White Sea ; 3929 the Black Sea; and 272 the Caspian : 2020 of them were British ships ; 1125 Bastian; 1072 Turkish ; 660 Greek ; 513 Dutch ; 470 Swedish ; 453 Sardinian ; 383 Austrian ; 330 Prussian ; 361 Danish; 291 Mecklenburg; 253 Hanoverian; 188 French ; and 433 belonged to other nations.
The principal articles of export are—Wheat, flour, cattle, furs, feathers, mats, flax, hemp, linseed, hempseed, oil, tallow, hides, wool, bristle., timber, metals, &c.; linen, cordage, woollens and cotton, candles, snap, coarse woollen cloth, exported to China, &c ; spirits, dried- and salt-fish, fruit., honey, &c. The principal imports are ries, refined Nagar, coffee, tea, wine, fruits, raw-sugar, pearls nud pre cious stones, books, engravings, furs, &c.; cattle and horses from Asia, &c.; foreign manufactures of silk, wool, cotton, &c.; raw cotton, cotton yarn, indigo, cochineal, madder, and dye-woods.
Rerenue.—The revenues of Russia, of which we have no recent return, amount to about 400,000,000 silVer rubles, of which 45,300,097 silver rubles were derived from the domains of the crowu. The debt was, in 1953, 733,573,112 silver rubles.
Arsty.—The Damian army is composed of regular troops and Caulks, or irregular troops, which perform the service of light cavalry. In the regular troops of the grand army tho soldier engages to serve for 25 years; but in general after 10 to 15 years service he is pot upon the reserve, of which there are two divisions. Before the outbreak of the present war, the active troops of the grand army con sisted of 96 regiments of infantrz and 64 regiments of cavalry, 33 brigades of horse and foot artillery, 8 battalions of sappers, and 4 squadrons of mounted engineers. On a war footing, the grand army numbers 436,000 men, with 996 guns; the first and second divi sions of reserve number respectively 98,000 man with 192 guns, and 115,000 men with 280 guns, giving a total force of 699,000 men and 1463 guns. Besides this force, the regular troops actively employed for local purposes in the Caucasus, iu Finland, Orenburg, and Siberia, number about 193,000 men with 130 guns, over and above a reserve of 100,000 men, consisting of veterans and invalided soldiers of the infantry mud cavalry. The Cosaaks afford irregular troops to the num ber of 127,200 men, formed into 33 battalions, with 224 guns. Since the war with France and England broke out, the Russian army has received large additions from new levies.
The Nary is divided into the Black Sea division and the Baltic division, and consists, according to recent statements of 60 vessels carrying 70 to 120 guns; 37 frigates, with 40 to 60 guns each; 70 corvettes, brigs, and brigantines ; and 40 steamers. The fleet is
manned by 42,000 sailors and 20,000 marines. There are some small armed vessels in the Caspian and the Sea of Okhotsk, not included in the numbers just given.
Education.—The institutions for public education are—I. The public schools of all classes under the minister of public instruction. These are-1, the parish schools ; 2, district schools ; 3, gymnasia ; and 4, the universities. II. The military schools. III. The Ecclesiastical schools. IV. Special schools depending on different branches of the administration. Each university has three faculties—philosophy, jurisprudence, and medicine ; and includes within its limits several governments of the empire. The universities are those of St. Peters burg, Moscow, Dorpat, Charkow, Cason, and Kiow. At Odessa there are three lyceums. White Russia has 13 gymnasia. Many schools have been founded in the Trans-Caucasian provinces. The military schools contain about 18,000 scholars. The ecclesiastical schools of the Greek Church are above 400 in number, and contain 60,000 scholars. The schools of the Roman Catholics, Protestants, &c., are about 300, with 8800 scholars. The special schools, under the several ministers, are above 1800 in number, and contain about 128,000 pupils. The government contributes about 10,000,000 rubles annually to their support.
The following table, giving the popular divisions, area, and popula tion of the empire, is taken from the Baron do Haxthausen's recent work on Russia :— In respect to race, the Baron gives the following approximations in round numbers : 1. Slavonic races.—Rusairme, 49,000,000; Poles, 0,500,000; Lithu anians and Letter!, 2,000,000; Bulgarians and Myriam], 500,000: total, 58,000,000.
2. Other races.— Germans, 650,000; Dscian Romans (Wallach'), 750,000; Tachndea, 3,400,000; Tartars, 2,150,000; Mongols, 250,000; Nat ing& 100.000; Hyperborean., 200,000 ; Caucasian tribes, 2,750,000: reeks, 70,000; Jews, 1,600,000 ; Gipsies, 30,800; Mileellaneous,50,000; I total. 12,000,000.
The following Hat exhibit' the popular divisions of Russia, with the governments contained in them :— Dewiest:a—St. Petersburg, Finland, &then's, Livonia, and Coneland.
Goias Riuria.—Moscow, Smolensk, Pskov., Twer, Novgorod, !Moneta, Archangel, Vologda, Yaroalav, Costroma, Vladimir, Nisohnei-Novgo rod. Tansbow, Rieman, Tula, Kaluga, Orel, Kursk, and Voronetz. Bastio.—Kiew, Czernigov, Potters, and Charkow.
South Doak —Ekaterinoalal, Cheroot', Taurida or tho Crimea with the Nogal Steppe, Bessarabia, Don Cossaks, and Saratov.
Eastern Russia—Astrakhan, Samara, Samtev, Orenburg, Penza, Simbirsk, Perm, and Viatka.
names Grodno, Kowno, Vitepek, .Mohilev, Minsk, Volhynis, Podolia, and the governments of POLAND.
014104/ 411 Procinesa—Circasslo or Hither Cancasus, Tiflis, Kutais, Selennakha, Derbent. [G zonate ; C1RCASSII; CAUCASUS; BAKU;