The climate is moist, especially along the coast and on the eastern side of the department. The soil is varied, but generally fertile.
Two-thirds of the department are under the plough. Agriculture is on the whole flourishing. The mode of cultivation in the penin sula of Csux, formed by the Seine and the English Channel, which constitutes the arrondissement of Havre, is much like that of French Flanders. The fanner is distinguished by hie neatness, by the comfortable furniture of his house, the plantations of oaks, elms, beeches, and pines round ids homestead, and the neatness and produo tiveness of his garden, inclosed by a quickset hedge. The rotation of crops is usually triennial, and the fallow of the third year has been generally superseded by a crop of trefoil, flax, peas, vetches, rape, &a. The manures employed are dung, marl, and gypsum. Thrashing machiues have been introduced.
The produce of the department in corn is very considerable. In wheat it considerably exceeds the average produce of the departments of Frame.; In barley, oats, rye, muslin, and In potatoes, the produce falls short of the average. Pea; beans, vetches, lentils, turnips, rape, col; hemp, and flax are cultivated. The principal corn distriots are in the metre of the department. The eastern side has a greater pro portion of pasture; the cultivation of the oleaginous seeds, rape, cole, am, characterises the coast, and the banks of the Seine are altogether less productive than the other parts, although possessed of much picturesque beauty. The oorn produce does not suffice for the large population of the department.
The meadows and grasslands occupS? about 70,000 acres, and the heaths and open pastures about 45,000 ecree. The grass-lands are chiefly iu the valleys and along the banks of the rivers. The number of bones Is very great ; they are the only animals employed in agri culture. They are good for draught and other labour. Horned cattle also are very numerous, but of inferior breed to those of the depart meets of Calved°. and of La-Manche. The number of sheep is consider able. The native sheep have been replaced by mixed breeds, which give a tolerably fine wool. But as may be expected the fleece is of leas consideration with sheep-farmers than the carcass, where the population is so dense. The sheep-pasture on the downs along the coast, especially in the neighbourhood of Dieppe, supply excellent mutton. Goats aro not common, but those of Tibet have been tried with success. Swine and poultry are abundant; the pullets of the district of Cans and the ducks of Rouen are in high repute. The
Seine abounds in salmon, sturgeon, soles, eels, &c. Large flats of bark; between 30 and 90 tons, with crows of from 15 to 30 in number, are employed in the mackerel, oyster, and herring fisheries.
There are no vineyards in the department, but the quantity of orchard and garden ground is 150,000 acres. The apple and pear are the fruits chiefly cultivated; the cider and perry made from these con stitute the principal drink of the common people. Walnuts are grown in the east of the department.
The woodlands occupy about 170,000 acres. There are few exten sive woods, but innumerable small plantations round the farm-houses and In the hedge-rows, which serve to supply the wants of the farmer. Turf Is the fuel used by many, but pit-coal is largely imported by manufacturers and others. The oak, the beech, and the hornbeam are the trees chiefly grown ; but the ash, the elm, the birch, the fir, the aspen, the maple, the chestnut, the wild cherry, and the lime-tree are also common.
The department is distinguished for its numerous and valuable industrial products, comprising all articles of cotton manufactures, broadcloths, flannel-serge, linen, and mixed cloths, laco, watch and clock movements, pottery, window-glass, bricks, sugar, silks, chemical products, leather, &c. There are numerous and extensive bleach works, cotton printing-works, metal-foundries, steam maohine-mills, and shipbuilding-yards. Rouen is the great centre of the cottou manufacture, the different processes of which are carried on in exten sire factories worked by steam-maohinery; hand-loom weaving is also carried on in almost every hamlet and house. The linen of F6camp is in high repute. The commerce with the interior of France and with foreign countries is very extensive and important. (ROUEN; Hearne; Dares.] The department is divided into five arrondissements, as follows :— 1. In the first arrondissement are—Rotrert. Caudebec-lea-Elbceuf, 12 miles S. from Rouen : population, 6000. Darndal, 2i miles E. from Ronan : population, 6000. (Etna ue.] Barentin, population 2500, and Partity, population 2700, both N.W. of Rouen, in the Austrebcrte. bodily has manufactures of soft-soap, linen, paper, and cotton-yarn; and the townsmen carry ou trade in grain, linen, flax, and cattle and poultry. There are several largo villages : as Deville, population 4100; Ifferosentes, population 3000; and itfalaunay, all on the Cailly ; St. Martin du Virier and others near Rouen, the inhabitants of which are engaged in the cotton manufacture, of which Roueu is the centre.