For the manufactures and commerce of the department the reader is referred to the article on Psalm.
The department is divided into 3 arrondissements, which, with their subdivisions and population, are as follows :— I. The first arrondissement is conterminous with the city of pests. The largest suburbs of Paris, BatignoUes, Belleville, Passy, 3:c., are technically in the second arrondissement.
2. In the second arrondissement the chief town, St.-Denis, is the subject of a separate article. IDENts, Sr.) Aubervilliers, .formerly Noero-pcsate-elea- Verfas, a short distance S.E. from has a handsome church, and about 2.500 inhabitants. It was the head quarters of Henri IV., during the siege of Paris; was the scene of some bard fighting in 1315. Auteuil, a pretty village of about 4000 inhabitants, is situated on the eastern edge of the Bois-de-Boulogne on a bill above the right bank of the Seine, and within the great bastioned wall of Paris. Batignolles, a rapidly extending suburb adjoining Paris on the north-west, has a population of about 20,000. It stands on high ground part of the plateau of 3lonceaux. Belle ville, the great resort of the working population of Paris on holidays, stands on high ground to the north-east of the city, and has a popu lation of above 20,000. In this suburb are numerous schools and industrial establishments, and public gardens and wine-shops without number. Boulogne, on the western aide of the Bois-de Boulogne and near the right bank of the Seine, has a handsome parish church, and about 6000 inhabitants. Chapelle-St.-Denis, between Montmartre and La-Villete, and within the bastioned wall of Paris, is a large manu facturing suburb, with about 16,000 inhabitants. Markets for the sale of milk-cows, pigs, calves, and fat cattle are held here. Charonne, a suburb of Paris, lies to the south-east of the cemetery of Pere-La Chaise, and has about 5000 inhabitants Clichy-la-Garenne, south-west of St-Denis, on the right bank of the Seine, near the Versailles rail way ; has several establishments for the manufacture of white-lead, sal-ammoniac, gine, catgut, printing and other paper, cardboard, small shot, lead-pipe,' and sheet-lead, and about 4000 inhabitants. Courbereie, on the left bank of the Seine, and on the Versailles rail way, is a well built place with about 6000 inhabitants. Montmartre, immediately north of ,Paris, is built on a high hill of gypsum, has a church which dates from the 12th century, and a manufacturing popu lation of about 7000. Nanterre, a small place of about 3000 inhabit ants, and the birthplace of Sainte-Genevieve, is situated west of Courtevoie, on the railway to SL-Germain. Neuilly, about 5 miles S.W. from St.-Denis, stands on the Seine, which is here crossed by a beantiful stone bridge of five arches. The houses of the town are generally modern and well built. The population of the corn mime is about 10,000. The chateau of Neuilly, the usual residence of the late king Louis Philippe, was destroyed during the revolution of 1848. Pantin, on tho Ourcq Canal, E. of LasVillette, stands in a plain, and comprises a number of well-built country-houses. There are manufactories for cotton and woollen yarn, in which steam-power is employed ; gypsum is quarried, and there are lime-kihis. The chief trade is In corn, flour, wine, brandy, vinegar, and plaster of Paris. Population 2300. Pasty, a fashionable suburb of Paris, above the right bank of the Seine, between Auteuil and Chaillot, has mineral springs, and 6800 inhabitants. Romainville, south-east of Pantin, has 5000 inhabitants. Surcsnes, between the left bank of the Seine and Mont Valerian, is situated near the Versailles rail way, and has a population of 2200. La- Villette, between the Ourcq Canal and Chapelle-St.-Denis, and near the north-eastern angle of the great bastioned wall of Paris, is a large suburb, with about 12,000 inhabitants, who manufacture soap, paper, spirits, beer, chemicals, oil, sugar, Le.
3. In the third arrondissement the chief town is Sceaux, situated on a hill a few miles S. of Paris, in 43° 46' 39^ N. lat., 2° 18' E. long., and has a tribunal of first instance and about 2000 inhabitants. Seeanx formerly bad a noble mansion and park belonging to the Duke of Maine, and after him to the Duko of Penthievre. During the Revolution it was sold, and demolished by the purchaser • and the extensive park, of more than 800 acres, broken up for agricultu ral purposes, with the exception of the garden of the menagerie, which wan purchased by some private individuals, and thrown open as a pleasure-ground for the public, still remains. The town is pleasantly situated, and has a number of good houses, and a hand some church. At some distance east of the town, and near the left
bank of the Bievre, the cattle-market of Sceaux is held. a village between Sceaux and Paris, has 2800 inhabitants, and an aqu e duct which supplies the fountains in the south. part of Paris 'with water. Berey, N.B. of Seeanx, and within the bastioned wall of Paris, is a large suburb on the right bank of the Seine, and has about 8000 inhabitants. It is the great entrepa for wine, brandy, and oil for the supply of Paris, and contains large sugar-refineries, vinegar works, timber-yards, and tan-yards. Bourg-la-Reine, a well-built village, situated in a hollow about a mile E. from Sceaux, near the left bank of Bievre, has 1500 inhabitants. Condorcet, who committed suicide here in 1794, is buried in the churchyard. Charenton-le-Pont, along the east banks of the Seine and Mame, has 3500 inhabitants, a lnnatio asylum, and foundries for the manufacture of steam machi nery. The bridge across the Marne connects Charenton with Maisons Alive, situated in the fork between the Seine and the Marne, and famous for its veterinary college. Choisy-le-Roi, a well-built village of 3200 inhabitants, stands on the left bank of the Seine and on the Orleans railway, about 5 miles S. from Paris. Fontenay-aux-Roses, a village N. of Sceaux, is famous for the culture of rose-trees, straw berries, and other fruits: population about 1100. Fontenny-sous-Bog, at the north-east angle of the park of Vincennes, has a handsome church, and above 3200 inhabitants. Gentilly, an ancient village consisting of two parts, Petit-Gentilly and Grand-Gentilly, which aro now separated by the great bastioned wall of Paris : population of the commune about 10,000. In Grand-Gentilly is the vast lunatic asylum (formerly prison) of Bicetre, which is outside the wall. Grenelle, a suburb of Paris on the left bank of the Seine, has a theatre, a handsome church, and about 4000 inhabitants. hey, S. of Grenelle, and outside the bastioned wall, has a population of 2700. Near it is Vanves, which is a station on the Versailles railway, and has 2500 inhabitants. Ivry, near the left bank of the Seine, between Grand-Gentilly and Charenton, has a manufacturing population of 6900. Montreuil-sousBois, is about a mile N.N.E. from Vincennes, on a fertile hill. There is a mansion with a fine park, and there aro a number of country-houses. Leather, porcelain, and beehives are manufactured. The gardens of this place are unrivalled in the department for the growth of peaches, strawberries, cherries, flowers, and vegetables of all kinds. Large gypsum quarries are worked : population, 5400. Montrouge, a southern suburb of Paris, has about 8000 inhabitants. Vaugirard, W. of Montrouge, has a botanical garden, and about 13,000 inhabitants. It lies within the bastioned wall, and contiguous to the inner enceinte of Paris. Vincennes, on the northern edge of the Park of Vincennes, is about 2 miles E. from Paris, and has about 6000 inhabitants. It is a well-built town. The castle of Vincennes is an ancient fortress ; the walls form a largo and regular parallelogram surrounded with ditches and strengthened by eight square towers besides the donjon. The donjon, also square and very lofty, with towers at the angles, stands in the middle of the west side of the fortress. The castle of Vincennes has undergone great alterations, and its ancient features have been intermingled with modern structures. The Sainte-Chapelle is a fine Gothic building commenced by Charles V., and restored after the return of the Bourbons. It contain the monument of the Duke d'Enghien, who was shot at Vincennes, in the ditch of the castle, by order of Napoleon. This fortress is used as a military post, an artillery-school, an arsenal depot of artillery, and a state prison. The castle was saved from the allies in 1815, by the firmness of the governor, General Daumenil, who threatened, if reduced to extremity, to blow it up. Vitry, near the left bank of the Seine, and N. of Choisy-le-Roi, has numerous country-houses and nursery-grounds, and 2500 inhabitants. A little west of it is Villejuif, a pretty place situated on a hill, in which building-stone, millstone, and gypsum are quarried : population 1500.
The department constitutes the diocese of the archbishop of Paris. It is in the jurisdiction of the High Court, and within the limits of the University-Academy of Paris ; and in the first Military Division, of which the bead-quarters are at Paris. It returns 9 members to the Legislative Chamber of the French empire.
(Dictionnaire de la France; Annuaire pour l'An 1853; Annuaire du Commerce ; Official