The manufactures of Silesia are of the greatest importance, and that of linen has existed from a very remote time. It is carried on with little aid from machinery, and chiefly by the country people. The cotton manufacture has extended considerably since 1840. Woollen cloths are manufactured in some towns. There are sugar refineries In several places; tanneries at Breslau and Schweidnitz, and breweries and brandy-distilleries in most of the towns. Machinery has been introduced into some larger manufactories for textile pro ducts. The province is divided into three governments, which, with their respective areas and population in 1847, are as follows:— — — — — — agrian Silesia is that part of Silesia which was retained by Austria in the treaty of Ilubertaburg 1763. It is united with Moravia, with which it forms one province. [Moaavra..] Totens.—Bramisu, the capital of Silesia, forms the subject of a separate article. [Bantru.] The other towns of the government of Breslau, which comprises the central part of Silesia, are as follows :— Brits', a large manufacturing town of 12,000 inhabitants, is situated 23 miles by railway S.1:. from Breslau, on the left bank of the Oiler. It was formerly fortified, and still has a cattle and an arsenal. The church of St-Nicolai, famous for its fine organ, the gymnasium, and the lunatic asylum are the most remarkable objects In the town. The industrial products include woollen-cloths, linen, tobacco, beer, ite. A railroad joins Brieg to Neisse, which stands 31 miles to the south ward. Frankenstein, 36 miles S. from Breslau, stands on a high hill near the left bank of the Pause, snd has a population of 6000, who manufacture broadcloth, Men, aqua-fortis, straw-plat, saltpetre, ite.,
and trade In corn. Seven miles S.W. from this town is the strong fortress of Silberberg, erected under Frederick the Great to defend one of the mountain passes into Bohemia. Glade, 16 miles S.S.W. from Frankenstein, is a strongly-fortified town situated in a narrow valley on the left bank of the Neiase, and has 10,000 Inhabitants, including the garrison. It is surrounded by walls, and defended by an old castle built on a high bill, and by a regular modern fortress erected on a hill on the opposite side of the town. Linen, leather, damask, broadcloth, and hosiery are manufactured. The town has a gymnasium and a Catholio college. Oels, 16 miles N.E. from Breslau, stands on the Oelse, and has C000 inhabitants, who manufacture broadcloth and linen. The castle, the former residence of the princes of Brunswick Gels; contains a valuable library and collections of natural history. She town has a gymnasium and a theatre. Reicketraeh, a town of 5500 inhabitants, surrounded by walls and ditches, 31 miles S.S.W. from Breslau, has cotton factories, a synagogue, two private observa tories, and several benevolent institutions. Schweidnitz, a fortified town on the Weistritz, is 35 miles by railway S.W. from Breslau. It has a gymnasium and 13,000 inhabitants, who manufacture gloves, leather, broadcloth, beer, tobacco, &c., and trade in wool. The Roman Catholic church of Schweidnitz is adorned with paintings, and has one of the loftiest towers in Silesia. The neighbourhood of Schweidnitz is a very beautiful country.
The towns in the other two governments are noticed under LIEGNITZ and OPPELN.