Surrey

Divisions, Towns, etc.—Surrey is divided into 14 hundreds, as follows :—Blackheath, south ; Brixton, north-east ; Copthorne, central ; Effingham, central; Elmbridge, north; Farnham, south-west ; Godal ming, south-west; Godley, north-west; Kingston, north ; Reigate, south ; Tandridge, south-east; Wallington, east; Woking, west and central ; 1Votton, south.

The metropolitan boroughs of Southwark and Lambeth are included in Brixton hundred, and Guildford in Woking hundred.

Surrey comprehends the parliamentary boroughs of Southwark, Lambeth, GUILDFORD, and REIGATE; the now disfranchised boroughs of Haslemere, BLECHINGLEI, and Gatton; the market-towns of Cneav SET, CROYDON, DORKING, EPSOM, FARNHAM, GODALMINO, and KINGSTON ; the suburban villages of Rotherhithe, Bermondsey, Newington, Wal worth, Camberwell, Peckham, Dal wich, Norwood, Brixton, Kennington, Clapham, Wandsworth, Putney, Battersea, Tootiug, and Streatham ; and the remoter, but extensive villages of Mortlake, Barnes, Kew, RICHMOND, Wimbledon, Merton, Mitcham, Ewell, Carshalton, Bed dington, Leatherhead, Walton-on-Thames, Esher, and Egham. South wark, Lambeth, and some other of the places which form part of LONDON, are spoken of in our account of the metropolis ; the places printed in small capitals are described under their respective titles; the remainder, with the other villages of importance, we notice here, with their respective populations in 1351 : Cation ie 2 miles N.E. from Reigate. Some Roman antiquities have been found here. Gatton first sent members to parliament in 29 Henry VI., and returned two members down to the time of its disfranchisement by the Reform Act. The parish now contains only 37 houses and 172 inhabitants. Gatton House is a handsome residence io an extensive and beautiful park. Until the disfranchisement of the borough, the proprietor of Gatton House chose the members. Upper Gatton House is a noble building standing in e spacious park. Some quarries of stone are worked.

Haslemere, population of the parish 935, is 12 miles S. from Guild ford, on the road to Chichester. A charter granted by Queen Elizabeth in the 3Sth year of her reign speaks of the antiquity and populous ness of the town, but refers to its existing impoverishment from the extinction of its fair and market The town occupies an elevated site, and is very clean; the streets are irregularly laid out, and only partially paved. The parochial chapel, on the north side of the town, is an ancient structure with a small square tower at tho west end. The Independents have a meeting-houso ; there are a National school and a literary institution. The market on Tuesday is of little import ance: cattle fairs are held on May 13th and September 26th. The principal trade is in wood-turning; there are three extensive paper mills. Haslemere sent members to parliament until the disfranchise ment of the borough by the Reform Act.

Ash, population 472, is on the border next Hampshire, about 7 mace N.E. from Farnham. About 2 miles W. from Ash, at Alder shott, in Hampshire, an encampment has been formed in the present year (1355) by the government, for the purpose of training the soldiers to the habits of camp life, and instructing them in the best modes of mitigating the hardships of a campaign. Bagshol, 9 miles S.W. from Egham, population of the parish of Windlesham, 1791, is on the Hampshire border. Bagahot Heath is now inclosed. The church was erected at the end of the 17th century. There is a National schooL Bagahot Lodge is a royal hunting seat. In the vicioity are extensive nursery-groonds. Barnes, 7 miles W.S.W. from London by the South-Western railway, population 1379, a suburban village on the right bank of the Thames, contains seve ral good residences. Besides the parish church, which is ancient, but much altered, there are a chapel of ease at Castelnau, and a National school. It was in a room attached to the house of Jacob Tonson at Barnes that the celebrated Kit-Cat club held its meetings. Cowley the poet resided at Barnes Elms. Battersea, population of the parish 10,560, is a suburban village on the Thames nearly oppo site Chelsea, with which it is connected by a wooden bridge. The pariah church is a plain brick building erected in 1777: in it is a monument by Roubiliac to Bolingbroke, who was born and died at Battersea. There are in Battersea a preparatory training establish meet of the National Society, which had 100 students in residence in July 1854. Much of the ground in Battersea is occupied as market gardens. A new park is now being formed in Battersea Fields; and a suspension-bridge to connect it with the north side of the Thames is being constructed. Beddington, 2 miles W. from Croydon, population 522, has a very handsome church, partly of the decorated and partly of the perpendicular style of architecture, which has been recently restored. There is a National school. Beddington House is a noble Elizabethan mansion, partly rebuilt in 1709. The Wandle here turns some snuff- and flour-mills. Bermondsey, population of the entire parish 43,128, is a suburb of London and the seat of a Poor-Law Union. [Lastscet.) It lies on the Thames, between South mirk and Rotherhithe. The old church is a building of little archi tectural pretension ; there are three new churches, chapels for Independents, Wesleyan Methodists, Baptists, and Roman Catholics; National, British, Infant, and Roman Catholic schools, and a Roman Catholic, convent. Near the waterside are wharfs, and the various trades connected with shipping are carried on. In the parish are numerous extensive tan-yards. Brixton, population 14,610, is a hamlet of Lambeth parish, and contains many genteel residences. There are a district church, St. Matthew's, at the foot of Brixton • two other Episcopal places of worship, chapels for hide pendents and other Dissenters, and National, British, and Infant schools. On Brixton Hill is a handsome building for the St. Ann's Society schools. Camberwell, population 54,667, is an extensive parish, extending from the boundaries of Rotherhithe and Bermondsey on the north to Croydon on the south. It is the seat of a Poor-Law Union. [LONDON.) The village of Camberwell consists of four prin cipal thoroughfares meeting in an open green, and leading respectively to London by Walworth, to Deptford by Peckham, to Kennington and to Norwood by Denmark and Herne hills. These thoroughfares are lined with good houses; many new houses have beau erected within the last few years. The parish church ie a spacious and very handsome edifice in the decorated style, erected from the designs of Brandon and Wyatt in place of the old church, which was destroyed by fire in 1341. There are also St. George's church ; Emmanuel church ; Camden church; St. Paul's, Herne Hill, a small but graceful and well finished church in the decorated style; a handsome new gothic chapel at Camberwell Green for Independents ; several other places of worship for Dissenters; National, British, and Infant schools; a proprietary grammar school ; and a literary and scientific institute. Carshalton is on the edge of Banstead Downs, 3 miles W. from Croydon, popu lation 2411. The river Wandle flows through the village, expanding in the centre of it into a wide and ornamental sheet of water. Several corn, oil, enuffi drug, flock, and paper-mills are worked by the Wandle. There are also some print-works; brewing, leather-dressing, and coach-making are carried on. The church is ancient, but has been much altered. Thera are parish schools. A government preparatory school for officers of the Royal Artillery and Engineers was established here in 1848. Cheans, 2 miles E. from Epsom, population 1137, is on the line of the Epsom railway, and contains some good residences. The church was rebuilt in 1639; there are National schools. At Cheam was Nonsuch, the costly palace of Henry VIII.: only a few fragments of it remain. Chobham, 7 miles S.W. from Chertsey, popu lation 2069, is pleasantly situated on the Bourn Brook, a feeder of the Wey. The church is an ancient edifice ; a chapel of ease was erected in 1342 at the west end. The Baptists have two places of worship. At Chobham Park are the remains of an old mansion. In 1354 an experimental encampment was held on Choldam Common. Clapham, population 16,290, lies S.W. of Stockwell, on the road from Loudon to Epsom. Clapham Common, an open apace of about 200 acres, partly In this parish and partly in Battersea, is planted with trees, so as to present the appearance of a park, and is surrounded by handsome houses. At one corner of the common is the parish church, a plain brick building. There are also the district churches of St. Paul's, erected iu 1814 on the site of the old pariah church ; St. James's, a gothic structure erected in 1S29 in Clapham Park ; and St. John's, a Grecian building erected in 1S42 in the Clapham road. A very handsome Roman Catholio church, in the decorated style, has been lately erected in connection with a Redemptorist convent. There are also a handsome new Independent chapel, in the decorated style, with a lofty spire, and several other Dissenting places of worship; a Grammar school; Parochial, National, British, and Infant schools ; a literary institute ; a savings bank ; and the British Orphan Asylum. Cobham, population 1691, is pleasantly situated on the right bank of the Mole, 6 miles W. by S. from Leatherhead. The church is ancient, chiefly of the decorated style. On the Mole are extensive MINA for carding woollen rags. Dulwich, population 1632, lies in a hollow about 2 miles S. from the village of Camberwell, and contains a number of genteel residences. The moat important building Is the College of God's Gift, which was repaired and much improved in sppearanee a few years ago, under the superintendence of Sir C. Barry. The college was founded aud endowed, and the building created, by Edward Allcyn in 1614-19. It consists of a master and warden, who must be of the same name as the founder, four fellows, six poor brethren, six poor sisters; aud of 12 poor boys, who are to be educated and maintained from the age of 6 to 12 years and then apprenticed. Behind the college is a picture-gallery, containing some fine paintings, chiefly by the old masters. It is open to the public without charge, by tickets, every day except Friday and Sunday. In the hamlet are a chapel of ease and a Wesleyan Methodist chapel. Egham, population 4482, is near the north-western boundary of the county, on the bank of the Thames. It is united to Staines by a handsome granite bridge. The village consists of a long street, which is lighted with gas and paved. The parish church is a modern brick building; there is a new district church at Virginia water. There are places of worship for Wesleyan Methodists and Independents ; National schools; Strode's charity school ; and a literary institution. Virginia water, Englefield Green, Cooper's Hill, and Runuimede, where Magna Charts was signed by King John, are in the parish. A fair is held on Englefield Green ; Egham races are held annually on Runuimede. Esher, 4 miles S.1V. from Kingston, population 1441, Is pleasantly situated near the right bank of the Mole. At Esher is Claremont, the residence of the Princess Charlotte and the place where she died : it is now held in trust for Leopold, king of the Belgians, and is at present the residence of the widow and sons of Louis Philippe, the late king of the French. The mansion was erected by the celebrated Lord Clive. There is a new church at Esher, towards the erection of which the King of the Belgians sub scribed 10001. The Quakers have a meetinghouse; and there is a National school. Ewell, 1 mile N.E. from Epsom, population 2186, was once a market-town. A new church, in the early English style, was erected in 1843: the tower of the old church is left standing.

There are Natioual and Infant schools. Gunpowder-mills, potteries, and brick-works give some employment. Frinsley, population of the hamlet 1792, is on the Hampshire border, about 14 miles N.W. from Guildford. Besides the chapel there in a district church, erected in 1SZO, at York Toms, a village on the Berkshire border, not far from the military college at Sandhurst. There are National schools. Ham, populatiou with !latch 1324, lies near the Thames, 2 miles N. from Kingston. Beside. the church, which is a neat modern building, there are an Independent chapel, National and Infant schools, and a Cholera Orphan Asylum, established in 1819. Ham House, the property of the Earl of Dysart, is a largo and handsome menaion facing the Thames, erected in the reign of James I. Morley, population 1415, is situated 5 miles S. from Reigate. The church is of the early English period ; there are a Bstitist chapel and National schools. East Horsley, population 247, and Hest Horsley, 719, are adjoining villages, pleasantly situated about midway between Guildford and Leatherhead. East Henley church is a small one of Norman date; West Horsley church is also ancient : in it was interred the head of Sir Walter Raleigh, and the body of Carew Raleigh, the son of Sir Walter. There are Free schools at East Horsley and National schools at West Horsley. Keenington, population 43,109, adjoins Brixton on the north. It comprehends a tolerably extensive public park, recently formed, at the extremity of which Is St. Mark's district church, erected a few years ago. There are three proprietary episcopal chapels besides St. Mark's church and South Kennington church ; also some Dissenting chapels, a Roman Catholic convent, National and Infant schools, and a savings bank. The Licensed Victuallers' schools, for the maintenance and education of 200 children, are at Kennington ; the building is very spacious and handsome. South of Kennington, on the Clapham road, is Stockwell, where are a district church and a chapel of ease. Kew, 6 miles W. from Hyde Park Corner, population 1009, is on the Thames opposite Breutford. The church, which stands on the centre of the green. was built in 1714, and enlarged in 1837. There is a Free school for girls. At Kew are the extensive public Botanic Gardens, at present the finest in the country: they are open daily to the public free of charge. Leathericad, population 2041, on the right bank of the Mole, 4 miles S.W. from Epsom, was once a market-town. Besides the church, en ancient cruciform edifice, there are an Independent chapel and National schools. Brewing, malting, and tanning are carried on. The Mole is here crossed by a bridge of 14 arches. Lingtidd, 6 miles S. by E. from Godetone, population 2141, is in an agricultural district. The church contains some interesting monuments. The Baptists have two places of worship. Merstham is on the Brighton railway, 3 miles N.E. from Reigate, population 843. The church contains some curious monuments : there are National and Subscription schools. Stone is quarried to some extent. Merton, population 1870, on the river Wendt°, 0 miles S.S.W. from London, is noticeable on account of its abbey, which possesses some historical interest Merton Abbey was for regular canons of St. Augustine, and was a wealthy institution. Part of the outer walls, and the east window of the abbey-chapel, are still standing. Merton church is an ancient edifice, partly of Norman data There is a chapel for Independents. Several manufacturing establishments are in the neighbourhood. Mickelham, 2 miles N. from Dorking, population 766, stands in a vale watered by the Mole, and long celebrated for its beauty. The church, of the early English style, has been recently enlarged. There are National schools. Nor bury Hall is a fine mansion, standing in an extensive and picturesque park. Mitcham, population 4641, is about a mile S. from Tooting. Besides the church, which was erected in 1821, there aro chapels for Wesleyan Methodists and Independents ; National and Infant schools, and an establishment for the infant poor of St. George's-in-the-East. On the Wandle are numerous mills, calico- and silk-printing works, and shawl-printing works ; and on the common and elsewhere are gelatine-, varnish-, and japan-works, felt-works, gas-works, and a blacking, vinegar, and lucifer-mateh manufactory. Brewing and malt ing are carried on. Mortlake, population 3110, consists of a street stretching along the Thames, 2 miles E. from Richmond. Besides the parish church, which was rebuilt in 1725, there are an Independent chapel, National and Infant schools, a savings bank, and almshouses erected by the Boot- and Shoe-Makers' Benevolent Institution. New Cross (Oneestvien). Norwood, population 3977, is about a mile S. from Dulwich. St. Luke's district church is of Grecian architecture; All Saints' district church, on Beaulieu Hill, is a neat gothic edifice. At Norwood is a large publio cemetery, with episcopal and dissenting chapels for performing the burial service. The Wesleyan Methodists, Independents, and Baptista have places of worship; there are National and British schools; a district school for the pauper children of Lambeth parish, and a very spacious and costly structure for the pauper children of the city of London ; also several almshouses, a Roman Catholic convent, and a female school. The Beulah Spa is a public pleasure-ground prettily laid out, in which is a mineral spring. Peckham, population 19,444, in a largo suburban village, in the parish of Camberwell. It contains numerous good residences, especially around the extensive common called Peckham Rye. Besides the district churches there are chapels for Wesleyan Methodists, Inde Baptists, and Quakers; National, British, Birkbeck, and nfant schools; a savings bank; and the Licensed Victuallers' Asylum, which affords 103 separate dwellings for the pensioners; and at Nun head is an extensive cemetery, with an Episcopalian and a Dissenting chapel. Paige, population 1109, is a hamlet of Battersea parish, lying between Norwood and Sydenharn (Keut), about 5 miles distant from the main part of the parish. The church is a handsome new building of the decorated style. There are National schools; the Surrey School of loduetry ; the almshouses of the Watermen's Company, a spacious and commodious pile containing 41 houses ; and King William's Asylum, for 12 decayed widows of commanders in the mer chant service, a handsome range of housoa erected at the expense of the late Queen Adelaide. I'enge Park, or Penge Place, is the spot on which the Crystal Palace is erected. The grounds of the palace have been laid out with great care under the direction of SirJoseph Paxton. Several fino fountains are in operation, and the principal fountain is now (August 1855) nearly ready. About 50,000 persons visit the Crystal Palace weekly. Putney, population 5230, is on the Thames opposite to Fulham, with which it is connected by a wooden bridge. The church was partly rebuilt in 1S36. There are Wesleyan and Independent chapels ; National and Infant schools, and an Endowed school for watermen'a children ; also some almshouses. Putney Heath is a fine open area united with Wimbledon Common. Red Hill [RETo ATE]. Rotherhithe, population 17,805, is a suburb of London containing many extensive trading establishments chiefly connected with the ship building business. There are also iron-works, corn-mills, and extensive granaries and warehouses for goods. The Surrey Canal docks and warehouses are at Rotherhithe. The Thames Tunnel has its south entrance near Rotherhithe church. Besides the parish church there are four district churches or episcopal chapels; several places of worship for Dissenters ; National, British, and Infant schools ; and some Free schools. Streatham, population, including Upper Tooting, 6901, liens S. from Brixton. The principal street extends along the Brighton road, and in it and by the common are many handsome villas. The church was partly rebuilt in 1830; there is a district church. The Independents and Wesleyan Methodists have chapels, and there are National and Infant schools. Sutton, population 1337, is on the Dorking road, 5 miles W.S.W. from Croydon. The church is a plain building; there are National schools. In the vicinity are several good residences. Tooting lies S.W. from Clapham : it comprehends Upper and Lower Tooting. Upper Tooting is a hamlet of Streatham; Lower Tooting, or Tooting Graveuey, is a separate parish, population 2122. The principal street of Upper Tooting lies along the Horsham road ; Lower Tooting is partly to the left of the road: The parish church of Lower Tooting was rebuilt in 1833: there is a chapel of ease on Balham Hill, Upper Tooting; and there are some Dissenting places of worship, two National schools, and an Infant school. Extensive nursery-grounds are in the vicinity. Walton-on-Thames, population 2881, is on the right bank of the Thames, 54 miles W. from Kingston. Near Walton is Oatlands, the residence of the late Duke of York ; and at the foot of Walton bridge is an elegant Italian villa with a lofty campanile, erected from the designs of Barry. The church contains some curious monuments ; there are also a chapel of ease, an Inde pendent chapel, and National schools. A fair is held in Easter week. Wandsworth, population 9611, is on both sides of the river Waudle at its junction with the Thames, about 7 miles from the General Post Office. Wandsworth is called in 'Domesday' Wandesorde and Wendle sorde. The main street is along the old Portsmouth road. There are manufactures of matting, bolting-cloths, wire-blinds, candles, lucifer matches, and hats; a distillery, breweries, dye-houses, oil-, corn-, and paper-mills, an iron-foundry, coal-wharfs, and calico print-works. Wandsworth has been divided into two parishes : the old parish church, All Saints, is a plain modern building ; St. Ann's, the new church, is a Grecian edifice erected a few years hack; there is a chapel of ease at Summer's Town. The Independents, Baptists, Quakers, and Roman Catholics have places of worship ; there are National, British, and Infant schools; a school of industry, and a savings bank. The Freemasons' Orphan schools, a quaint red-brick edifice erected in 1852, is on Wandsworth Common. A county court and a police court are held in Wandsworth. On the common is the County Bridewell, a very extensive and costly structure ; and at Garrett is the County Lunatic Asylum, a noble building, providing ample accommodation for 800 patients. A fair is held In Whitson week. IVeybridge, popu lation 1225, adjoins Walton on the south-west, at the confluence of the Wcy with the Thames. Tho church, a very handsome edifice of tho decorated style, was erected in 1846; in it are some interesting monuments removed from the old church. The Roman Catholics have a chapel, in which Louis Philippe, late king of the French, was buried. There is a National school. !Wimbledon, population 2693, is 3 miles W. from Waudsworth. Wimbledon Park extends northward to the Portsmouth road, and comprehends an area of 1200 acres : part of it is occupied by handsome new villas. West of the park is Wim bledon Common, nearly as extensive, on which is an ancient circular entrenchment. Wimbledon church is a modern building. There are chapels for Independents and Wesleyan Methodists, and National and Infant schools. Woking, population 2837, on the left bank of the Wcy, about 6 miles N. from Guildford, possesses an ancient church ; it has also National schools. Paper-making, printing, brewing, and malting are carried on. A fair is held on Whit-Tuesday. Sutton House is a fine old mansion of the Tudor period. A portion of Woking Heath is occupied by an extensive metropolitan cemetery.