1444. Siege of Zurich by the confederates. A large force of merce naries under the Dauphin attack Basel. Battle of St-Jacob. The Dauphin makes peace with the Swiss.
1446. Peace between Zurich and the other cantons.
1452. A fresh war between Austria and the cantons. Austria loses Rapperecheryl, Freyburg, and Thurgau. Duke Sigismund of Austria mortgages to Zitrich the town of Winterthur, his last remaining possession in Helvetia.
1457. Mtihlhansen, an imperial town of Alsace, forms an alliance ifith the Swiss.
1475. War between the Swiss cantons and Charles the Bold.
1476. (March). Defeat of the Burgundian,' at Grauson. (June). Battle of Montt ; total defeat of Charles.
1478. Battle of Giornico, in which the Swiss defeat the troops of Milan.
1481. Convention of Stanz. Soleure and Freyburg admitted as cantons.
1495. The Swim refuse to furnish the emperor Maximilian L with a contingent of troops for his war against France.
1499. War between Maximilian and the Swiss. The Imperial troops being several times defeated, Maximilian makes peace. This was the last war which the Swiss had to sustain for their independence. 1501. Basel and Schaffhausen are received into the confederation.
1513. Appenzell is also admitted, and completes the number of thirteen cantons composing the Holvetio or Swiss confederation, which existed till the French revolutionary invasion of 1798. The 'Evil; or states associated to the confederation with vote in the diet, were the abbot of St.-Gall, and the free cities of St.-Gall, Miihlhausen, and Bid, or Blame. The allies without vote were Geneva, Noufehetel, the Valais, and the Grimm 1523. Zurich adopts the doctrines of the Reformation.
1528-30. The towns of St.-Gall, Limn; and Mfiblhausen, and the cantons of Basel and Schaffhausen proclaim the Reformation ; Glarus and Appenzell remain divided between the two communions.
1531. War between the Roman Catholic and the Reformed cantons on the subject of the election of a new abbot of St.-Gall. The troops of the Reformed cantons are defeated at Cappel with great loss. Peace of Bear.
1532. Helvetic confession of faith proclaimed by a synod held at I Bern.
1535-36. Bern, as an ally of Geneva, makes war against tho duke of Savoy, and takes the Pays-de-Vaud from the Duke of Savoy.
1538. Calvin and Feral expelled from Geneva.
1541. Calvin is recalled. The Reformation adopted at Geneva. 1803. The Duke of Savoy acknowledges the independence of Geneva. 1648. The emperor acknowledges, in the treaty of Westphalia, the Swiss Confederation as an independent state in Europe.
1653. Second war of religion in Switzerland. Battle of Willmergen; the Protestants defeated. Peace made.
1710. The district of Toggenburg revolts against the abbot of St-Gall, and is supported by tho Reformed cantons.
1712. Third and last war of religion in Switzerland. The Burnam defeat the troops of Luzern and the Waldstiitter at.Willmergen. The Roman Catholic cantons sue for peace, which is concluded at Aarau, in August, 1712.
1793. The French invade the territory of the bishop of Basel, and annex It to their new republic.
179'. Omani Bonaparte seizes upon Valtelline, Chievenua, and Bernd°, which were subject to the Orisons, and annexes them to the Girlish'. republic. In the meantime another body of French troops occupies the free town of Bienue, an ally of the Swim.
1703. Democratic revolution at Basel. Insurrection in the Aargau. Diet held at Aarsu, the last of the old Confederation. The French general 116nard, with 15,000 men, caters the Pays-do-Vaud, and pro claims its Independence. The French enter Bern, and spread over the part of Switzerland. The Forest cantons refuse to submit; the French attack them, and are repulsed at lIcthenthurm by Aioys Reding. In September a large French force under Schauenburg invades the district of Nidwalden, or Lower Unterwalden, the inhabitants of which made a desperate resistance, and most of them were slain.
1799. The Auetrians and Russians enter Switzerland, and drive the French from the central cantons. Massena defeats the Russians at Zurich In September. Suvarrow enters Switzerland from Italy by the St.-Oothard, hut is obliged to retire into the Grieon& 1801. Peace of Luneville; the French evacuate Switzerland. A new federal constitution is proclaimed, but rejected.