Sword Manufacture
Sword Manufacture. Weapons Of Offence Were Early Fabri Cated By The Cutlers Of Sheffield. Holland (‘ Manufactures In Metal') Gives A Representation Of Two Men Grinding A Sword-blade, Copied From A Manuscript Psalter, Written About The Time Of King Stephen, Which Is Preserved In The Library Of Trinity College, Cambridge, ...
Swords
Swords. Greek Swords. The Earliest And Fullest Information On The Subject Of The Greek Swords Is In The Poems Of Homer. With Him The Thpos, &op, And Ocia-yasov Are Synonymous Terms : The Peixaipa Is A Large Knife Suspended Near The Opor Iii. 271) For The Purpose Of Cutting Anything ...
Sydney
Sydney, New South Wales, The Capital Of The Colony, A City And Sea-port, In The County Of Cumberland, Is Situated Ou The South Shore Of Port Jackson, An Inlet On The East Coast Of Australia, In 33° 50' S. Lat., 151°10' E. Long., Distant About 13,000 Miles From Great Britain ...
Syllable
Syllable (euitaafili). A Syllable Consists Of One Or More Ele Mentary Sounds Of A Language Uttered In One Emission Of Voice. The Pronoun I Is An Example Of A Syllable Consisting Of But One Elementary Sound ; And The Syllable Strange Is An Example Consisting Of Several Elementary Sounds Articulated ...
Syllogism
Syllogism (ervssleryfonor). Tho Object And Character Of Logic Are Explained Tinder The Word Om:axon; The Position Of This Article In The Pravent Work Is Explained In Loons Every Sentence In Which Different Assertions Are Combined To Produce Another And A Final Assertion, Is Either A Syllogism, A Collection Of Syllogisms, ...
Symbols
Symbols And Notation. The Word Symbol (from The Greek Sgmbolon, At'alt3oitov) Means " That Which Is Taken With," And A Symbol Is A Mark Which Is Always Attached To Some One Particular Meaning. Notation (nota, A Known Mark) Is The Method Of Selecting And Assigning Meaning To Symbols, And The ...
Symmetrical Symmetry
Symmetry, Symmetrical (mathematics). These Terms Are Now Applied To Order And Regularity Of Any Kind, But This Is Not Their Mathematical Meaning. Euclid First Used The Word " Summetros" (crinair Spas) To Signify Commensurable, And This Well-known Latin Word Is In Fact Merely The Literal Translation Of The Greek : ...
Synagogue
Synagogue (zurtrywy6), A Word Which Primarily Signifies Any Assembly Or Congregation, But Came To Be Applied, Among The Jews, To Places Where Any Assemblies, Especially Those For The Worship Of God, Met, Or Were Convened. In The Later Hebrew, Such Places Were Called 11%;.'," House Of Assembly." There Is No ...
Syncope
Syncope (crtrynori, Literally A Cutting In Pieces, A Sudden Failure Of Power Or Strength), Fainting. A Sudden Impairment Or Complete Loss Of Sensation And Voluntary Motion, With Great Diminution Or Almost Total Abolition Of The Heart's Action And Of The Function Of Respiration. Fainting Sometimes Occurs Quite Suddenly, But Is ...
Syndic
Syndic Comes From The Greek " Syndicoe" (rthsbecor). The Greek Word Syndicos Originally Signified One Who Aided Another In A Matter Before A Court Of Justice, And Hence It Came To Signify Generally An Advocate, One Who Maintained Another's Cause Before A Court Of Justice. Syndicos Also Signified At Athens ...
Synodic Revolution Synodic
Synodic, Synodic Revolution' (o6vobos, Conjunction Of Paths). The Synodic Revolution Of Two Bodice Which Move Round A Common Centre Is That Portion Of One Or More Actual Revolutions In Which They Go Through All Their Possible Relative Positions. The Simplest Instance Which Can Be Given Is That Of The Two ...
Syracuse
Syracuse (siracusa), A Town On The East Coast Of Sicily, 30 Miles S.s.e. From Catania, And About The Same Distance N. By E. Of Cape Pageant, The Southern Extremity Of Sicily. Ancient Syracuse, In The Time Of Its Splendour, Was The Largest City In Sicily, And One Of Tho Largest ...
Syren
Syren, An Instrument Invented By M. Cagniard De La Tour For Determining The Number Of Vibrations Per Second Of Any Given Note. The Fanciful Name Of The Instrument Was Given From The Fact That It Is Capable Of Exciting Vibrations In Water Or Any Other Fluid. It Con Sists Of ...
Syria
Syria (es Sham), A Country In Asia Belonging To Turkey, Is Situated Along The Eastern Shores Of The Mediterranean, From 29° 45' To 37° 25' N. Lat., 34° To 38° 45'e. Long. The Name Syria Occurs In The Greek Writers ; The Asiatics Call The Country Beled-es-sham, Or ' Country ...
Syriac Versions
Syriac Versions Of The Bible. Of These Several Exist, Two Of Which Are Of Considerable Importance. 1. " The Peshito (literal) Version," Also Called "the Old Syriac Version," Is One Of The Most Ancient And Valuable Translations Of The Bible. The Date Of Its Execu Tion Is Unknown ; But ...
Syringe
Syringe (from 15pryt, A Pipe), A Portable Hydraulic Instrument Of The Pump Kind, Commonly Employed For The Forcible Ejection Of Fluids. In Its Simplest Form It Consists Of A Cylindrical Tube, With A Perforated Nozzle At One End, And A Piston, To The Rod Of Which A Handle Is Attached. ...
Syrtes
Syrtes Was The Name Given By The Greeks And Romans To Two Gulfs On The Northern Coast Of Africa, One Of Which They Called Syrtis Major, And The Other Syrtis Minor. Both Were The Terror Of The Ancient Mariners. The Name Is Said To Be Derived From Tho Greek Word ...
Syrups
Syrups Are Medicinal Solutions Of Sugar, Either In Water Alone, As In Simple Syrup, Or In Liquids Charged With Some Peculiar Principle Of An Active Kind, Such As Senna Or Buckthorn; Or Merely Grateful From Its Colour Or Fragrance, Or Both, Such As Syrup Of Violets. These Must Be Of ...
System
System (astronomy). This Term Is Applied To Every Theory Of The Disposition And Internal Arrangements Of The Solar System, Or Of The Material Creation Generally. Thus We Have The System Of Ptolemy, Of Copernicus, &c. Perhaps A Short Description Of The Distinctive Characters Of The Different Systems May Be Useful ...
Syzygies And Quadratures
Syzygies And Quadratures. The Syzygies Of A Planet Or Of The Moon Are Those Points Of Its Orbit At Which It Is In Conjunction Or Opposition With The Sun: The Quadraturcs Are The Precisely Intermediate Positions. Thus At New And Full Moon The Moon Is In Syzygies ; At Half ...
Ta Elm E
Ta Elm E, In The Law Of Scotland, Is The Technical Term Correspond Ing With The English Word Entail, Which Now Generally Supersedes It In Colloquial Use, Even In Scotland. The Early History Of Entail Law In Scotland In Some Respects Resembles That Of England, But In Later Times They ...
Tabes Mesenterica
Tabes Mesenterica. This Name Is Applied To A Particular Slowly-disorganising Affection Of The Mesenteric Glands, And Expresses The Marked Emaciation Which Attends The Disease. It Is Through The Mesenteric Glands That The Nutritive Products Of Digestion Are Trans Mitted In Their Course To The Great Current Of The Circulation ; ...
Tabriz
T.abriz, Pronounced And Often Written Tabreez, The Capital Of Azcrbijan, In Persia, Is Situated In A Plain About 4800 Feet Abovo The Seadevel, In About 38° 4' N. Hit., 46° 8" 30" E. Long. It Is Said To Have Been Founded By The Wife Of Harem Al Rashid, In A.d. ...
Tacking
Tacking. Tire Evolutions Of A Ship When Contending With An Adverse Wind Are Called Tacking ; And The Course Upon Which A Ship Lies Is Called Its " Tack," And Whether The Wind Blow On The Star Board- Or Port-side, These Are Called Starboard Or Port Tacks. In Endea Vouring ...
Taddeo Gaddi
Taddeo Gaddi, Born In 1300, Was A Much More Able Man Than His Father, After Whose Death He Lived Twenty-four Years With Giotto, Who Was His Godfather. He Was The Most Distinguished Of Giotto's Scholars And Imitators. Vasari Mentions The Paintings Of The Sacristy Of Santa Croce In Florence, As ...
Tadeusz Czacki
Czacki, Tadeusz, An Eminent Polish Statesman And Author, Was Born In 1765 Or 1766, At Poryck In Volhyuia, Where His Father Was A Large Landed Proprietor. Czacki'a Life Has Been Written By Two Of His Personal Friends—by Stanislas Potocki In A Funeral Paucgyrio Read Before The Society Of 'friends Of ...
Tadmoii Palmyra
Palmyra, Tadmoii. Both Them Names Are Derived From The Palm.trees Which Once Grew In The Neighbourhood Of This Ancient City. Palmyra Is Situated In An Oasis Of The Syriau Desert, Nearly Half-way Between The Orontes And The Euphrates, And About 140 Miles E.n.e. From Damascus, In 34" 24' N. Let., ...
Tagus
Tagus, Named Tajo By The Spaniards, And Tejo By The Portuguese, Is The Largest River Of The Spanish Peninsula. Tagus Is The Name In The Roman Writers, And Has Been Adopted In Our Language. The Rivers By The Confluence Of Which The Tagus Is Formed Originate In The Highest Part ...
Tai Wa
Tai-wa:, A Chinese Island, Known In Europe By The Name Of Formosa, Or Hermosa, And Called By The Aborigines Pekan. It Lies Between 21' 58' And 25' 15' N. Lat., I20' And 122' E. Long., And Extends From South-by-west To North-by-east About 240 Miles. At Its Most Southern Point It ...
Talapoins
Talapoins Is The Name Given By The Portuguese, And After Them By Other European Nations, To The Buddhist Priests, Or Rather Monks, Of Siam, And Is Supposed To Be Derived From The Fan Which They Always Carry, Usually Made Of A Leaf Of: The Palinyrastree, And Hence, Says Crawfunl (' ...
Talent
Talent (vciaarrov) Was The Highest Denomination Of Greek Weights And Money, And Was Also Commonly Used By Greek Writers As The Translation Of Words Signifying A Certain Weight In Other Languages. It Is Necessary To Observe That The Talent Is Properly Only A Denomina Tion Of Weight. There Was No ...
Tallage
Tallage Is Derived, According To Lord Coke, From The Law Latin Word Tallagiurn, Or Tailagiunt, Which, As Ho Says, " Comneth Of The French Word Sailer, To Share Or Cut Out A Part, And Metaphorically Is Taken When The King Or Any Other Kith A Share Or Part Of The ...
Tallow
Tallow (french, Suif ; German, Talg ; Italian, Zero, Sego; Russian, Sale, Toplense ; Spanish, Who) Is Animal Fat Melted And Separated From The Membranous Matter Which Is Naturally Mixed With It. When Pure, Tallow Is White, And Nearly Tasteless ; But The Tallow Of Commerce Usually Has A Yellow ...
Tally
Tally. This Word Appears To Be Derived From The French Taille, Or Tallier, Each Of Which Expresses The Idea Of Cutting Or Notching. The Use Of Notched Sticks Or Tallies May Be Traced To A Very Remote Period, And There Is Reason To Believe That They Were Among The Earliest ...
Taman
Taman, A Peninsula, Or Rather A Deltoid Island, Is Formed By The Main Branch Of The Kuban, Which Empties Itself Into The Black Sea, And • Small Branch Of The Same River, Which Flows Into The Sea Of Azof North Of The Old Fortress Of Temruk. The Western Or Large ...
Tamarinds
Tamarinds, Medical Properties Of. Of The Two Varieties Of The Only Species Of This Genus, The Fruit Is Much Larger In The East Indian Than The West Indian. The Shell Being Removed, There Remains The Flat Square Hard Seeds, Imbedded In A Pulp, With Membranous Fibres Running Through It. In ...
Tambow
Tambow, A Province Of Great Russia, Is Situated Between 51° 30' And 55' 20' N. Lat., 39° 40' And 43° 40' E. Long. The Area Is 25,464 Square Miles, And The Population 1,750,900. It Is Bounded N. By Niechuei-novgorod And Vladimir; S. By Woronesh; W. By Masan, Tula, End Orel; ...
Tamworth
Tamworth, Staffordshire, A Market-town, Municipal And Parlia Mentary Borough, And The Seat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Tamworth, Is Situated On The Right Bank Of The Rivers Tame And Anker Just At Their Junction, Iu 52° 38' N. Lat., 1° 42' W. Long., Distant 25 Miles S.e. ...
Tangent
Tangent. In The Article Contact We Have Given The First Notion On This Subject, Which We Now Resume In A Somewhat More General Manlier, Annexing The Usual Details Of Formulae, But Without Proof. It Is Usual To Apply The Word Tangent To The Tangent Straight Line Only, On Which See ...
Tangut
Ta.ngut Is The Historical Name Of A Country In Asia, Which Occupies The Centre Of The Eastern And More Elevated Table-land Of That Continent. This Country Still Goes By The Name Of Tangut, Though At Present A Part Of It 11 Incorporated In The Chinese Province Of Kenai, Whilst Another ...
Tank
Tank. The Sense Usually Attached To This Word, In England, Is That Of A Rather Large Vessel, For Holding Water Or Other Liquids, Either Placed Above Or Below The Ground ; In India, The Word Is Applied To The Receptacles Formed For The Purpose Of Storing Rain-water, Some Of Which ...
Tannin Tannic Acid
Tannic Acid, Tannin. One Or Other Of These Bodies Is Found, To A Greater Or Less Extent, In Most Vegetable Substances. The Name Tannin Is Derived From The Fact That It Is The Only Active Constitu Ent In The Various Barks, Dfc., Used In The Familiar Operation Of Making Leather, ...
Tapestry
Tapestry (french, Tapisserie ; Italian, Tappe=ria). This Name Is Most Commonly Applied To The Textile Fabrics, Usually Composed Of Wool Or Silk, And Sometimes Enriched With Gold And Silver, Woven Or Embroidered With Figures, Landscapes, Or Ornamental Devices, Arid Used As A Lining Or Covering For The Walls Of Apartments. ...
Tapioca
Tapio'ca, A Farinaceous Substance, Prepared In South America From Two Species Of Janipha, Manihot Utiltssima, Or The Bitter, And Manihot Aipi, The Sweet, Cassada Or Manioc Plants. The Chief Dis Tinction Between Them Is That A " Tough Ligneous Fibre Or Cord Runs Through The Heart Of The Sweet Cassava ...
Tarant1smus
Tarant1smus Is The Name Given To A Peculiar Nervous Affection Which Was Long Supposed To Be The Consequence Of The Bite Of The Tarantula Spider. It Seems To Hare Occurred Frequently In The King Don Of Naples During The I6th Century, And To Have Been Nearly Similar In Its Characters ...
Taranto
Taranto, An Erchlepiscopal Town In The Kingdom Of The Two Sicilies, In The Province Of Terra D'otranto, Is Situated In 40° 28' N. Lat., 17° 35' E. Long., And ,contains 15,000 Inhabitants. It Occupies A Small Part Of The Site Of The Ancient Tarentum, Being Confined To The Island Or ...
Tare
Tare. We Hardly Know Whether All The Words Tare, Fret, Cloff, Suttle, Gross, Net, Are Still Used In Commerce ; They All Hold Their Places In Works Of Arithmetic. Tare Is Said To Be The Allowance For The Weight Of The Box Or Bag In Which Goods Are Packed; Fret, ...
Tares
Tares Are A Most Important Green Crop In The Improved Systems Of Agriculture, Especially On Heavy Soils, Where They Thrive Best. When Sown In Autumn, With A Small Sprinkling Of Wheat Or Rye, They Cover The Ground In Spring, And Supply Abundance Of Fodder In Summer. A Good Crop Of ...
Tarn
Tarn, A Department Io The South Of Franco, Is Bounded N. By That Of Avsyron, E. By That Of Il6rault, S. By That Of Aude, And By Haute-garonne And Tarn-et-garonne. The Extreme Length From North-west To South-east Is 65 Miles; The Breadth Is 46 Miles. The Area Is 2218 Square ...
Tarn Et Garonne
Tarn-et-garonne, A Department In The South Of France, Is Bounded N. By The Department Of Lot, F.. By Those Of Aveyron And Taro, S. By Haute-garonne, And W. By Gore And Lot-et-garonne. Its Form Is Irregular; The Greatest Length Is From North-east To South West, 54 Miles ; The Greatest ...
Tarquinii
Tarqui'nii, An Ancient Town Of Etruria, On The Southern Bank Of The River Marta, Which Empties Itself Into The Sea A Few Miles Below. According To Strain) The Town Was Founded By Tarcon, One Of The Companions Of Tyrrhenus. Iu The Reign Of Ancus Marcius, Demaratus Of Corinth Is Said ...
Tarshish
Tarshish, A Place Mentioned In The Old Testament, Particularly In Connection With The Commerce Of The Hebrews And Phoenicians. In Gen. X. 4, The Name Occurs Among The Sons Of Jam], Who Are Supposed To Have Peopled The Southern Parts Of Europe. In Other Passages It Is Mentioned As Sending ...
Tarsus
Tarsus, A City Of Cilicia Campeatris, On The Cydnus, In Asia Minor, Is Situated About 12 Miles From The Sea, In About 36°55' N. Let., 34' 59 E. Long. There Are Various Fabulous Legends About Its Stephanus I3yzantinua Says It Was Founded By Sardauapalus. Xeno Phon, Anab.,' I. 2, Describes ...
Taste
Taste, According To The Definition Of Sir Joshua Reynolds, " Is That Act Of The Mind By Which We Like Or Dislike, Whatever Be The Subject" Discourses Before The Royal Academy ; ' Discourse Vii.) Taste Is Frequently Spoken Of As A Gift, As Something Independent Of Rules, A Kind ...
Tattooino
Tattooino Is The Name Usually Given To The Custom. Common Among Many Uncivilised Tribes, Of Marking The Skin By Punctures Or Incisions, And Introducing Into Them Coloured Fluids, So As To Produce An Indelible Stain. It Is Mentioned In Captain Cook's Account Of The South Sea Islanders Under The Name ...
Taunton
Taunton, Somersetahire, An Ancient Market-town, Parliamentary Borough, And The Seat Of A Poar-law Union, Is Situated In A Fertile Vale Called Taunton Dean, In 51° 1' N. Let., 3° 6' W. Long., Distant 46 Miles S.w. From Bath, 141 Miles W.s.w. From London By Road, And 163 Miles By The ...
Taunus
Taunus. [pavane.) Tau'llica Chersone'sus Was The Ancient Name Of The Penin Sula Which Jute Out Southward From European Samaria, Between The Pontus Euxinns (black Sea) And The Palm 31sootis (sea Of Azof). It Is Now Called The Crimea, Under Which Bead Its Form And Physical Features Are Described. The Isthmus ...
Taurida
Tauri'da. • Government Of South Russia, Situated On The Black See, Amulet. Of The Crimea Or Taurio L'eninsnla And The Nogay Steppe. It Is Bounded N.w. By Eherson, N.e. By The Country Of The Don ;wake, E. By Cautiatia, S.e. By The Kuban, And S. By The Black Sea. The ...
Taurus
Taurus (the Bull), The Second Constellation Of The Zodiac. Its Position In The Heavens, Surrounded By Aries, Eridanus, Orion, And Perseus, Is Easily Obtained By The Manner In Which Its Bright Star Aldedatun Is Connected With The Belt Of Orion. In All Speculations Upon The Origin Of The Zodiac, Taurus ...
Tavistock
Tavistock, Devonshire, A Market-town, Parliamentary Borough, And The Coat Of A Poor-law Union, In The Parish Of Tavietock, Is Situated On The Right Bank Of The River Tavy, In 50' 33' N. Let., 4° 10' W. Long., Distant 11 Miles N. From Plymouth, 31 Miles S.w. By Iv. From Exeter, ...
Taxatio Ecclesiastica
Taxa'tio Ecclesia'stica, Signifies The Assessment And Levy Of Taxes Upon The Property Of The Church And Of The Clergy. The Pope Once Claimed In All Countries The First Year's Whole Profits And The Tenth Part Of The Whole Annual Profits Of Every Ecclesiastical Benefice. These Were Called " First-fruits And ...
Taxation Tax
Tax, Taxation. A Tax Is A Portion Of The Produce Of A Country Or Its Value, Applied To Public Purposes By The Government. Taxation Is The General Charging And Levying Of Particular Taxes Upon The Com Munity. In A Free State It Is Assumed That All Taxation Is Necessary For ...