The vine is extensively cultivated on the slopes and more elevated plains. The district between the Tarn and the Garonne is particularly adapted to the growth of the strong red wines. The vineyards have an extent of about 90,000 acres. A largo part of their produce is inade into brandy for exportation.
The orchards and gardens occupy about 4500 acres : the walnut-and chestnut-trees are of great the white mulberry is cultivated in order to rear the silk-wonn. The woods occupy about 110,000 acre,.
Game and fresh-water fish aro abundant : great quantities of the lam prey and the shad are taken in the Garonne in the spring. 31anufactures are confined chiefly to the towns. They comprise broadcloth, serge, silk hosiery, paper, cutlery, soap, some leather, beetroot sugar, iron, and flour.
The department is divided into 3 arrondissements, which, with their subdivisions and population, are as I. In the first arrondissement the chief town is Montauban, which is also the capital of the department, and is noticed in a separate article. (Moxratnasts.] Among the other towns are the following, the population in each case being that of the commune :—Caussade. on the left bank of the Lbre, with a population of 4292, who manu facture linen, broadcloth, sugar, and leather ; and trade in agricultural produce. Caylus, 24 miles N.E. from Montauban, has remains of an ancient castle, and a population of 5]52. Moliers, population 2599. Alonelar (2210). alfonspezat (2900). La-Francaise, population 3880, has a manufacture of pottery from the fine clay which is dug iu the neighbourhood of the Tarn. St.-Antonin, on the right bank of the Aveyron, at the junction of the Bonnette, has manufactures of serge and other woollen atlas, and there are tan-yarda and paper-mills : considerable trade is carried on in leather and dried plums. Negre pelisse, on the left bank of the Aveyron, has 3122 inhabitants, who manufacture cotton geode, and trade in corn, wine, and hemp.
2. In the second arrondissement the chief town, Illoisso4 is situated on the Tarn, 15 miles N.W. from Montauban, and has a tribunal of first instance, a college, and 10,541 inhabitants. The town is well
built. The church of St.-Pierre, which, with the cloister adjoining, formed part of the Abbey of Moissac, dates from about the year 1100. A walk shaded by fine trees surrounds the town on the site of the former ditch ; there is also a fine public walk along the right bank of the river. Moissao trades in flour, oil, wine, and wool. Among the other towns are Auvillar, near the left bank of the Garonne : population, 2178. Lauzerle, north of Moissac, on a bill near the Barguelone, with 3444 inhabitants, who trade iu corn, wine. fruits, and cattle. Montaigu, 18 miles N. from Moissac, population 4073; and Faience, on the right bank of the Garonne, population 30S8.
3. In the third arroudissemeut the chief town, Castel-Sarrazin, is situated in a fertile plain on the Azin, near the right bank of the Garonne, and has a tribunal of first instance, a college, and 6950 inhabitants in the commune. It is a well-built place, with some remains of its old ramparts, and two fine Serge, hosiery, hats, and linen are manufactured, and there is some trade in corn, oil, saffron, &c. Beauntont-de-Loniagne, on the Gimoue, 12 miles S. from Castel-Sarraziu, is a well-built town with 41]2 inhabitants, who manu facture coarse woollens, tiles, and leather. Verdun-sur-Garonne, on the left bank of the Garonne, has much declined, but has still some woollen manufactures and 4213 inhabitants. St.-Nicolas-de-la-Grave (population 2033), is known for the excellent melons grown is the surrounding district. St.-Porquier (population 1437), is known for the extensive cultivation of tobacco and saffron in the neighbourhood. Mon tech, on a bill 9 miles S.E. from has a population of 2758.
The department forms the diocese of the bishop of Montsubau ; it is under the jurisdiction of the High Court and within the limits of the University-Academy of Toulouse ; and belongs to the 12th Military Division, of which Toulouse is headquarters. The department returns 2 members to the Legislative Body of the French empire.
(Dielionnaire de la France; Annuaire pour l'An 1853 ; Annuaire die