The eastern end middle sections of the state possess considerable mineral wealth. Cold has been fonnd in small quantities in the mountains bordering on North Carolina. Lead exists in the same mountains, but is not much worked. Iron ore is found in great abundance along the Cumberland River ; about 45,000 tons are pro duced annually. Copper has been found, and is expected to afford rich workings. Coal of tolerable quality is obtained in the Cumberland Mountains, but owing to the inaccessible position of the mines, is only available for local use. Limestone and marble are got in the Cumberland Mountains; and nitre in abundance in some extensive caves near the mountain region. Salt-springs are numerous in the eastern part of the state, where are also sulphur and other mineral erring& Choate, Produdiow, &T.—The soil and general character of its products have been already noticed. The climate is mild and on the whole salubrious, the exceptions being the low valleys and the borders of the groat rivers. In the omintriee west of the Cumberland range the rivers are generally covered with ice for a few days in the winter.
Sew fall. to the depth of ten hitches, but seldom lies more than twelve or fifteen deys on the ground. In winter and spring a con siderable quantity of rain falls ; but in the other seasons rain is not frequent, nor does it continue for any length of time. The air in some ports of Tennessee Is remarkable for Its dryness.
The agricultural products are similar to those of the valley of the Ohio in frozen], with the addition of cotton, which is largely grown in the south and west The chief grain crop is of maize, above 50 million bushels of which are annually raised. Wheat Is grown in considerable qnantitlea, but not so estensively an formerly. Oats are very largely rebel. Rice is grown to some extent. Tobacco forms one of the leading products, from 20 to 30 million pounds being grown annually. Cane eopr, Lai, and hemp, are also important crops in some districts. Both summon and sweet potatom are extensively cultivated. The sugar maple abounds. In the eastern part of the state are extenitive pine forests, from which turpentine, tar, fie., are obtained.
The raising of cattle, chiefly for export to the south, is a principal imploymeut iu the eastern part of 'Tennessee Horses, cheep, and twine are also reared in large numbers. Buffaloes were once nume rous, but they have entirely disappeared ; the elk and moose-deer are snly found in the mountain region, where deer are still abundant Bears, puma, wild-cats, wolves, beavers, otters, and musk-rats are dill met with. Racoons, foxes, squirrels, &o., are numerous. Pheasants, partridges, pigeons, swans, wild turkeys, ducks, and geese 'hound. Fish are found in all the rivers, but not very abundantly.
Manufactures and Commerce.—Although there are no great menu %enuring towns in the state, there is a cunsiderable amount of manu facturing industry displayed In and around Nashville, Knoxville, kletnphis, fie, and several villages possess extensive works. Tho chief manufactures are of cotton and woollen goods, iron, machinery, hard ware, tobacco, paper, earthenware, cord, marriages, saddlery, &c. The ;list-, and sawmills employ about a third of the capital invested in manufactures. There are likewise numerous tanneries and distil
leries, together with breweries, brick-yards, &e.
Tennessee has no direct foreign commerce, its products being forwarded, and its imports received, by way of New Orleans and the South Atlantio ports, and northwards by way of Pittsburgh and the lakes. The internal trade is very large.
Divisions, Towns, &T.—Tennessee is divided into 79 counties; 28 in Eastern, 32 in Middle, and 10 in Western Tennessee. Nashville is the political capital and the largest town in the state. There are few towns of much size the following are among the moat important: the population is of IS50 : Nashville, the capital, is a city and port of entry, situated on an elevated bluff on the left bank of the Cumberland River, 120 miles from its mouth, and 714 miles S.W. from Washington, in 36° 9' N. lat., 86° 49' W. long. : population, 10,478. Nashville stands in the midst of a district rich in and mineral wealth, and is rapidly increasing in trade and population since it has been made the centre of a wellplanned system of railways. The city is regularly laid out, contains a spacious state-honse, court-house university, state prison, lunatic asylum, 14 churches, some of them large and handsome edifices; numerous schools, and other public buildings. Considerable manufactures are carried on, and there is an extensive river trade. In 1850 Nashville district owned river steamer. amounting to 3797 tons. In the vicinity of time city is Franklin College. Five daily and seven weekly newspapers are published at Nashville.
Uarksetlie, rat the confluence of Red River with Cumberland River, 40 miles N.W. from Nashville, is a place of oonsiderable trade. Columbia, the capital of Maury county, situated on the Duck ltiver, about 40 miles S.S.W. from Nashville, population about '2000, is likewise n place of local importance, and the seat of Jackson College. Knoxrille, a city and the capital of kuox county, stands on the river lieleton, at the head of the navigation, 160 miles E. by S. from Nashville : population, 2076. It is one of the chief centres of the state railways, and appears likely to become an important commercial town. The city is regularly laid out, contains a court-house and other county buildings, several churches and schools, East Tennessee College, and other public buildings. Memphis, next to Nashville the chief town in Tennessee, stands on a bluff on the Mississippi River, near the south-western corner of the state, about 200 miles W.S.W. from Nashville : population, 8839. Memphis has considerable cotton and other manufactories, and is said to be likely to rise into some con sequence as a commercial city, A navy-yard is established here capable of building vessels of the largest size. None of its public buildings are of much architectural value. Murfreestorough, the capital of Rutherford county, and formerly the capital of the state, occupies an elevated site on a branch of Stone ltiver, 30 miles S.E. by S. from Nashville : population, 1917. It is a place of considerable trade, being the centre of a fertile corn and tobacco district. It con tains the usual county buildings, churches, schools, &c.; also Union Baptist College.