Am/Alpo/is, founded by the Athenians on the left bank of the Strymon, was one of the most important towns in Thrace. [Anent Potts.] The next town of importance east of Amphipolis was Philippi, which was founded by Philip of Macedonia : it was previously called Crenides, but was then only a small place inhabited by the Thasians, who settled there for the purpose of working the gold and silver mines in its neighbourhood. West of Philippi the country was au extensive plain stretching towards Amphipolis, which has become memorable on account of the battle fought there by Antony and Octavius against Brutus and Cassius. Under the Romans Philippi became a colony, end was the chief city iu that part of the country, when it was visited by St. Paul.
West of the Nestus the first town of importance on the coast is Abdera. CABDRRA.1 Next comes Dime or Dicaeopolis, which was n Greek city on the shores of the Lake Bistonis (Herod., vii. 109); and then Maroneia and Ismarus, which were both in the country of the Cicones, where Ulysses landed and was defeated by the inhabitants, after he had taken their city. xi. 39, &c.) The Maronean wine has been already mentioned, and the city was in consequence sacred to Dionysius, as may be seen from its coins. Its ruins ere still named Moroni. Ismarus is not mentioned by later writers as a city, but only as a mountain celebrated for its wine. Following the coast we next come to Stryme, a colony of the Thasians; then to Mesembria, built by the Samothracians (Herod., vii. 108) ; and next to Doriscus, situated in a large plain, in which Xerxes numbered his army. Crossiug the Hebrus we come to )Euos, which is mentioned under this name by Ilemer, as the place from which Pirous came to the Trojan war. (' IL,' iv. 520.) It was a place of considerable importance in later times, and under the Romans was a free town. (Pliny, ' Nat. Hist,' iv. 18.) It is still called Enus.
After passing round the head of the Gulf of Melas, now the Gulf of Soros, we come to the Thracian Chersonese, now Gallipoli, which was very early colonised by Greek settlers, and though but of small extent is of considerable importance in ancient history. On the isthmus was Lysimachia, which was founded by Lysimachus, who mado it his capital. It was on the western side of the isthmus, not far from tho
ancient Cnrdia, the inhabitants of which he removed to his new city. (Diodorus, xx. 29; Pausan., i. 9, s. 10.) South of Lysimachia were Agora, Ide, Preen, and Alopeconnesus, the last of which ouly was of any importance. It was an IEoliau colony, and was one of the chief towns of the Chersonese in the time of Demosthenes. On the eastern side of the Chersonese, upon the Hellespont, the most southerly town was Cynosseina., near which the Lacedremonian fleet was defeated by the Athenians, in e.e. 411. Above Cynossema was Madytus, and north of Madytus was SESTOS. North of Sestos was the small river of AEgospotamoi, with apparently a town of the same name at its mouth, near which the Athenian fleet was totally defeated by Lysander, in B.C. 405. Above JEgospotamoi were Callipolis, now Gallipoli, which has given its name to the peninsula, and Pactya, opposite Lysimachia.
On the Propootis the chief seaport was Perinthus, afterwards called Heraclea, and sometimes also Heraclea Perinthus. On the Bosporus the ancient Greek city of Byzantium. was situated, which occupied part of the site of the modern Constantinople. [BYZANTIUM.] On the European coast of the Euxine the chief towns were Salmy dessus, Apollonia, and Mesembria.
In the interior of the country the towns most worthy of mention are Trajanopolis, on the Egnatian road to the west of the Hebrus ; Plotinopolis, so called in honour of Plotina, the wife of Trajan, to the north of Trajanopolis; Hadrianopolis, on the Ilebrus, origivally called Orestias, and now ADRIANOPLE; and, lastly, Philippopolis, slso on the Hebrus.
The Via Egnatia Disclaims) entered Thrace at Amphipolis, and passed by the towns of Philippi, Neapolia, Abdera, Maximianopolis, Trajanopolis, Cypsela, Apri, Herecles, till it reached Byzantium.
Xenophon (' Anab.,' vi. 4), speaks of Thrace in Asia, which ho describes as extending from the junction of the Bosporus and the Enxine along the Asiatic coast as far as Ileraclela the oountry within these limits was inhabited by Thracos Bithyui.